s, or keywords if they used Heck-type chemistry in their syntheses, because it became one of basic tools of organic preparations, a natural way to

http://aether.cmi.ua.ac.be/artikels/Artikels%20Gitte/Artikels/Reviews/Heck%20reactie%20Beletskaya%20%20Chem.%20Rev.%20003009.pdf

The heck reaction as a sharpening stone of palladium catalysis.

The last 15 years of hydroformylation and carbonylation chemistry are reviewed, including technical and commercial aspects.

Progress in hydroformylation and carbonylation

The design of artificial catalysts able to compete with the catalytic proficiency of enzymes is an intense subject of research. Non-covalent interactions are thought to be involved in several properties of enzymatic catalysis, notably (i) the confinement of the substrates and the active site within a catalytic pocket, (ii) the creation of a hydrophobic pocket in water, (iii) self-replication properties and (iv) allosteric properties. The origins of the enhanced rates and high catalytic selectivities associated with these properties are still a matter of debate. Stabilisation of the transition state and favourable conformations of the active site and the product(s) are probably part of the answer. We present here artificial catalysts and biomacromolecule hybrid catalysts which constitute good models towards the development of truly competitive artificial enzymes.

/pdf/supramolecular-catalysis-part-2-artificial-enzyme-mimics-2h1esy0td8.pdf

Supramolecular catalysis. Part 2: artificial enzyme mimics

Supramolecular catalysis is a rapidly expanding discipline which has benefited from the development of both homogeneous catalysis and supramolecular chemistry. The properties of classical metal and organic catalysts can now be carefully tailored by means of several suitable approaches and the choice of reversible interactions such as hydrogen bond, metal–ligand, electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. The first part of these two subsequent reviews will be dedicated to catalytic systems for which non-covalent interactions between the partners of the reaction have been designed although mimicking enzyme properties has not been intended. Ligand, metal, organocatalyst, substrate, additive, and metal counterion are reaction partners that can be held together by non-covalent interactions. The resulting catalysts possess unique properties compared to analogues lacking the assembling properties. Depending on the nature of the reaction partners involved in the interactions, distinct applications have been accomplished, mainly (i) the building of bidentate ligand libraries (intra ligand–ligand), (ii) the building of di- or oligonuclear complexes (inter ligand–ligand), (iii) the alteration of the coordination spheres of a metal catalyst (ligand–ligand additive), and (iv) the control of the substrate reactivity (catalyst–substrate). More complex systems that involve the cooperative action of three reaction partners have also been disclosed. In this review, special attention will be given to supramolecular catalysts for which the observed catalytic activity and/or selectivity have been imputed to non-covalent interaction between the reaction partners. Additional features of these catalysts are the easy modulation of the catalytic performance by modifying one of their building blocks and the development of new catalytic pathways/reactions not achievable with classical covalent catalysts.

/pdf/supramolecular-catalysis-part-1-non-covalent-interactions-as-4sw3itqtq6.pdf

Supramolecular catalysis. Part 1: non-covalent interactions as a tool for building and modifying homogeneous catalysts.

Dendrimers as support for recoverable catalysts and reagents.

Two-Phase Hydroformylation of Octene-1 with Rhodium Complexes of P[C6H4(CH2)mC6H4-p-SO3Na]3 (m = 3, 6). Rate and Selectivity Enhancement with Surface-Active Phosphines

Amphiphilic phosphines for catalysis in the aqueous phase

The novel optically active phosphine, bis(8-phenyloctyl) (Menth) phosphine, (Menth = 1R,3R,4S( - )menthyl) is synthesized and sulfonated under mild conditions to yield the corresponding sulfonated phosphine, disodium bis-(8-(para-sulfonatophenyl)octyl) (Menth) phosphine. The water soluble phosphine is used to generate an aqueous-methanol rhodium catalyst for the hydroformylation of styrene. The catalyst shows high catalytic activity, but virtually no optical induction. Normal to branch ratios for the hydroformylation of styrene are in the range 0.35 to 0.5. The catalytic data with TPPTS is given for comparison. TPPTS yields catalysts that are less active under two phase reaction conditions and slightly less selective for formation of 2-phenylpropanal.

Surface active phosphines for catalysis under two-phase reaction conditions. P(menthyl) [(CH2)8C6H4-p-SO3Na]2 and the hydroformylation of styrene

Preparation of a Surface‐Active Chiral Diphosphane and Its Use in the Hydrogenation of Prochiral Olefins

The effect of salt on selectivity in water soluble hydroformylation catalysts

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