Aquatic chemistry, an introduction emphasizing chemical equilibria in natural waters [book review]

The efficient separation of scheelite from calcium-bearing minerals, especially calcite, remains a challenge in practice. In this work, a novel reagent scheme incorporating a depressant of sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) and a collector mixture of octyl hydroxamic acid (HXMA-8) and sodium oleate (NaOl) was employed in both single and mixed binary mineral flotation, and it proved to be highly effective for the separation. Furthermore, the role of the pH value in the separation was evaluated. Additionally, the mechanism of the selective separation was investigated systemically via zeta potential measurements, fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis, X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopy analysis and crystal chemistry calculations. It turns out that the selective chemisorption of SHMP on calcite (in the form of complexation between H2PO4−/HPO42− and Ca2+) over scheelite is ascribed to the stronger reactivity and higher density of Ca ions on the commonly exposed surfaces of calcite minerals. The intense adsorption of HXMA-8 on scheelite over calcite due to the match of the O O distances in WO42− of scheelite and CONHOH of HXMA-8 holds the key to the successful separation. We were also interested in warranting the previous claim that NaOl is readily adsorbed on both minerals via chemisorption. Our results provided valuable insights into the application of mixed collectors and an effective depressant for flotation separation.

Adsorption of a novel reagent scheme on scheelite and calcite causing an effective flotation separation.

Beneficiation studies of tungsten ores – A review

Bulk nanobubbles in the mineral and environmental areas: Updating research and applications.

Study of Venturi tube geometry on the hydrodynamic cavitation for the generation of microbubbles

Aggregation of ultra-fine scheelite particles induced by hydrodynamic cavitation

In industrial practice, hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) is commonly triggered by jetting either reagent solution or pulp. Although both methods can enhance mineral flotation, are their roles the same? There are few research studies in the field, which severely limits our understanding on mineral flotation combined with HC. Therefore, in this study, the flotation of ultrafine scheelite with HC pretreatments of reagent solution and pulp (abbreviated to be HCPS and HCPP, respectively) was studied and compared through flotation tests, zeta potential analysis, microscope tests, and shear yield stress measurements. The results of flotation tests show that both HCPS and HCPP can enhance the final flotation performance, but in general, HCPP leads to greater improvements on the final flotation recovery. The presence of (hydrophobized) scheelite particles brings extra gas nuclei for the cavitation–flotation system, suggesting that more NBs may be produced in the case of HCPP compared with HCPS. These tiny bubbles remarkably reduce the size distribution of bubbles in the flotation system, thus increasing the particle–bubbles collision probability. Increase in particle aggregation may be another reason why flotation with HCPP results in a higher flotation recovery. The adherence of NBs on hydrophobized particles decreases the (absolute) surface charge of the solids, resulting in a smaller repulsive force among particles and more significant particle aggregation, which is confirmed by the microscope tests and shear yield stress measurements.

https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/8/7/264/pdf

Different Flotation Performance of Ultrafine Scheelite under Two Hydrodynamic Cavitation Modes

: Abstract Influences of ultrasonic pretreatment of pulp on the ultra-fine smithsonite flotation using sodium oleate (NaOl) as collector were studied by SEM-EDS analysis, zeta potential measurements, ICP tests and flotation tests. Results confirmed that the effect of sonication on promoting mineral dissolution rather than particle size reduction played a more important role in the final flotation response of ultra-fine smithsonite. Under the natural pH condition (pH 8), ultrasonic pretreatment on smithsonite enhance the mineral dissolution, resulting in more Zn2+ dissolved in the aqueous dispersion. Zn2+ and other cationic zinc component increased the zeta potentials of smithsonite by re-adsorption onto the mineral surface. Thus, the adsorption of NaOl on smithsonite surfaces was enhanced due to more zinc active sites provided. As a result, the final flotation of ultra-fine smithsonite was enhanced, which was more significant in the presence of high concentration of NaOl. :

Effects of ultrasonic pretreatment of pulp on the flotation of ultra-fine smithsonite

The invention discloses an aluminum bauxite flotation method which comprises the following steps of (1) filling a carbon dioxide gas into water through a pressurizing and gas-filling manner, and preparing to obtain gas-filled water; (2) mixing aluminum bauxite and the gas-filled water in the step (1), carrying out ore grinding, and obtaining an ore pulp; and (3) carrying out flotation on the ore pulp in the step (2) through a flotation process. According to the aluminum bauxite flotation method provided by the invention, a large number of CO2 gas is filled into the water through the pressurizing and gas-filling manner, so that the number of micro-nano gas nucleus in the water is increased; and during an ore grinding process, the micro-nano gas nucleus can be adsorbed on the surface of thealuminum bauxite so as to change a mineral surface property, after a collecting agent is added, the micro-nano gas nucleus can promote micro-size fraction aluminum bauxite particles to form a hydrophobic agglomerate, and meanwhile, the collision probability of minerals and bubbles is increased, so that an effect on improving the flotation recovery rate is achieved.

Aluminum bauxite flotation method

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Papers

Aggregation of ultra-fine scheelite particles induced by hydrodynamic cavitation

Different Flotation Performance of Ultrafine Scheelite under Two Hydrodynamic Cavitation Modes

Effects of ultrasonic pretreatment of pulp on the flotation of ultra-fine smithsonite

Aluminum bauxite flotation method