https://recipp.ipp.pt/bitstream/10400.22/3012/4/ART_LuciaSantos_2010_GRAQ.pdf

Ecotoxicological aspects related to the presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment

There has been a great effort to study the fate, the occurrence and the ecotoxicology of emerging pollutants in the aquatic environment. Recently, several articles have focused on degradation products of emerging pollutants and the study of their toxicological effects. We review the fate and the ecotoxicology of emerging pollutants, especially focusing on their metabolites and transformation products (TPs) in the aquatic environment, including pharmaceuticals, hormones, perfluorinated compounds, by-products of drinking-water disinfection, sunscreens or UV filters, benzotriazoles and naphthalenic acids. We describe analytical methodologies for the quantitative analysis of emerging pollutants, their metabolites, and their TPs in sewage and surface waters, and we give the results of monitoring surveys obtained from the application of these analytical methodologies.

Fate and toxicity of emerging pollutants, their metabolites and transformation products in the aquatic environment

Monitoring and assessing the effects of contaminants in the aquatic eco-environment is critical in protecting human health and the environment. The zebrafish has been widely used as a prominent model organism in different fields because of its small size, low cost, diverse adaptability, short breeding cycle, high fecundity, and transparent embryos. Recent studies have demonstrated that zebrafish sensitivity can aid in monitoring environmental contaminants, especially with the application of transgenic technology in this area. The present review provides a brief overview of recent studies on wild-type and transgenic zebrafish as a model system to monitor toxic heavy metals, endocrine disruptors, and organic pollutants for toxicology. The authors address the new direction of developing high-throughput detection of genetically modified transparent zebrafish to open a new window for monitoring environmental pollutants. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:11–17. © 2013 SETAC

https://setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/etc.2406

Zebrafish as a model system to study toxicology.

Occurrence of 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) in the environment and effect on exposed biota: a review

The authors derive predicted-no-effect concentrations (PNECs) for the steroid estrogens (estrone [E1], 17β-estradiol [E2], estriol [E3], and 17α-ethinylestradiol [EE2]) appropriate for use in risk assessment of aquatic organisms. In a previous study, they developed a PNEC of 0.35 ng/L for EE2 from a species sensitivity distribution (SSD) based on all available chronic aquatic toxicity data. The present study updates that PNEC using recently published data to derive a PNEC of 0.1 ng/L for EE2. For E2, fish were the most sensitive taxa, and chronic reproductive effects were the most sensitive endpoint. Using the SSD methodology, we derived a PNEC of 2 ng/L for E2. Insufficient data were available to construct an SSD for E1 or E3. Therefore, the authors used in vivo vitellogenin (VTG) induction studies to determine the relative potency of the steroid estrogens to induce VTG. Based on the relative differences between in vivo VTG induction, they derive PNECs of 6 and 60 ng/L for E1 and E3, respectively. Thus, for long-term exposures to steroid estrogens in surface water (i.e., >60 d), the PNECs are 6, 2, 60, and 0.1 ng/L for E1, E2, E3, and EE2, respectively. Higher PNECs are recommended for short-term (i.e., a few days or weeks) exposures.

Predicted-no-effect concentrations for the steroid estrogens estrone, 17β-estradiol, estriol, and 17α-ethinylestradiol

Generation of a fluorescent transgenic zebrafish for detection of environmental estrogens.

As an aberrant base in DNA, uracil is generated by either deoxyuridine (dU) misincorporation or cytosine deamination, and involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes. Genome-wide profiles of uracil are important for study of these processes. Current methods for whole-genome mapping of uracil all rely on uracil-DNA N-glycosylase (UNG) and are limited in resolution, specificity, and/or sensitivity. Here, we developed a UdgX cross-linking and polymerase stalling sequencing ("Ucaps-seq") method to detect dU at single-nucleotide resolution. First, the specificity of Ucaps-seq was confirmed on synthetic DNA. Then the effectiveness of the approach was verified on two genomes from different sources. Ucaps-seq not only identified the enrichment of dU at dT sites in pemetrexed-treated cancer cells with globally elevated uracil but also detected dU at dC sites within the "WRC" motif in activated B cells which have increased dU in specific regions. Finally, Ucaps-seq was utilized to detect dU introduced by the cytosine base editor (nCas9-APOBEC) and identified a novel off-target site in cellular context. In conclusion, Ucaps-seq is a powerful tool with many potential applications, especially in evaluation of base editing fidelity.

/pdf/udgx-mediated-uracil-sequencing-at-single-nucleotide-3cm6buxm.pdf

UdgX-Mediated Uracil Sequencing at Single-Nucleotide Resolution.

The present invention belongs to the field of life science. Said invention provides a regulatory controlling sequence expressed by zebra fish vitellogenin 1, (vtg 1) gene of sequence 1. Said invention utilizes the transgenic zebra fish experiment to show that said sequence has promoter activity in the zebra fish body interior, and can make downstream gene implement specific expression in liver under the induction of female sex hormone. By adopting the connection of zfvtg 1-1.7 sequence provided by said invention and reporter gene (fluorescin) the fluorescence can be observed in the living body interior of transgenic zebra fish so as to quickly and visually reflect expression of vtg 1.

Zebra fish egg yolk protein origin 1 gene regulating and controlling sequence

Exposure to 17α-ethynylestradiol impairs reproductive functions of both male and female zebrafish (Danio rerio)

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Papers

Generation of a fluorescent transgenic zebrafish for detection of environmental estrogens.

UdgX-Mediated Uracil Sequencing at Single-Nucleotide Resolution.

Zebra fish egg yolk protein origin 1 gene regulating and controlling sequence

Exposure to 17α-ethynylestradiol impairs reproductive functions of both male and female zebrafish (Danio rerio)