A set of generalized strength equations based on the skewbending model has been developed to predict the torsional strength and failure mode of reinforced concrete beams with or without a small transverse opening A torsion‐bending‐shear interaction surface is generated using the proposed strength equations Twenty‐four rectangular reinforced‐concrete beams containing a transverse opening of constant dimensions were grouped into four different series and were tested under various combinations of torsion, bending, and shear The parameters were the ratio between top and bottom longitudinal reinforcement, the torsion‐moment ratio, and the moment‐shear ratio Close agreement is observed between the theoretical predictions and the test results of the writers and of other investigators

Beams with Small Rectangular Opening Under Torsion, Bending, and Shear

A method of analysis is presented for predicting the strength of rein­ forced concrete beams that are subjected to combined bending and torsion and contain a small transverse opening. The analysis is based on the familiar skew-bending model. Strength equations are derived for failure Modes I, 2, and 3 by assuming a suitable pattern of rein­ forcement around the opening. Test results of 10 beams containing a circular opening are also presented and discussed. The theoretical predictions are in good agreement with the test results.

Reinforced Concrete Beams with Small Opening in Bending and Torsion

An experimental investigation to study reinforced concrete beams with large rectangular openings under pure torsion is reported. The beams were rectangular in cross section. Beam dimensions, and the amount and arrangement of reinforcement were held constant, but opening sizes and their locations were varied. Test results of ten beams are presented and discussed. Torsional strength and stiffness of a beam decrease with increasing opening length or depth, but appear to be marginally influenced by its eccentricity. The beams fail by the formation of a mechanism with four hinges, one at each corner of the opening. Good predictions of the ultimate torque can be obtained by using the theoretical model proposed by the writers in a companion paper.

Torsion Tests of R/C Beams With Large Openings

This paper aims to study the use of externally bonded fiber reinforced polymers (EB-FRP) to strengthen beams with large web opening subjected to pure torsion. An experimental work has been carried out to investigate the torsional behavior up to failure of nine reinforced concrete beams having the same dimensions and reinforcement. One of them is solid without opening as a reference beam and one of the remaining eight beams was tested without any strengthening and seven beams were strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) with different schemes. The major parameter included in this study is the strengthening effect of different schemes of CFRP sheets on the behavior of RC beams with large web opening under pure torsion. The experimental results showed that the beam strengthened with a complete 90°, to the beam axis, wrapping around the chords and the solid parts near the opening region gives the best results and its torsional strength is close to the torsional strength of the reference solid beam. Also results have been compared with the design approaches of some international codes and analytical procedure produced by previous researchers. Finally, a simple proposed equation is produced to estimate the torsional moment capacity of a strengthened reinforced concrete beam with opening. The proposed equation confirms the accuracy and effectiveness of the experimental result.

/pdf/performance-of-rc-beams-with-web-opening-subjected-to-pure-4iuz1m2mvq.pdf

Performance of RC Beams with web Opening Subjected to Pure Torsion Strengthened with CFRP

This paper presents the development of an analytical model for predicting the torsional strength of reinforced concrete beams containing a rectangular opening. The method is based on the collapse load analysis. Both upper and lower bound solutions for the strength are presented. The predictions of the two approaches are then compared with the test results available in the literature. A good agreement between the theory and experimental results is obtained.

Ultimate Torque of R/C Beams with Large Openings

An analysis is presented for predicting the strength of reinforced concrete beams that are subjected to torsion and have openings cast in them in order to provide for the passage of service ducts. The equations proposed are based on addition of stresses due to torsion and flexure in the longitudinal reinforcement and the addition of stresses due to torsion and transverse shear in the stirrups. Test results of 14 beams with openings are also presented. Correlation between the test results and the strength predicted by the analysis indicates that the equations conservatively but adequately predict the strength of the beams.

Torsion in Concrete Beams Containing an Opening

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Torsion in Concrete Beams Containing an Opening