Comparison of Cd2+ adsorption onto amphoteric, amphoteric-cationic and amphoteric-anionic modified magnetic bentonites.

Betaine is a non-essential amino acid with proven functional properties and underutilized potential. The most common dietary sources of betaine are beets, spinach, and whole grains. Whole grains—such as quinoa, wheat and oat brans, brown rice, barley, etc.—are generally considered rich sources of betaine. This valuable compound has gained popularity as an ingredient in novel and functional foods due to the demonstrated health benefits that it may provide. This review study will provide an overview of the various natural sources of betaine, including different types of food products, and explore the potential of betaine as an innovative functional ingredient. It will thoroughly discuss its metabolic pathways and physiology, disease-preventing and health-promoting properties, and further highlight the extraction procedures and detection methods in different matrices. In addition, gaps in the existing scientific literature will be emphasized.

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/12/4824/pdf?version=1686982538

Betaine as a Functional Ingredient: Metabolism, Health-Promoting Attributes, Food Sources, Applications and Analysis Methods

Volatile Fatty Acid Recovery from Anaerobic Fermentate: Focusing on Adsorption and Desorption Performances

Modeling and optimization of formic acid adsorption by multiwall carbon nanotube using response surface methodology

5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is a promising high value-added platform chemical, which can be produced from glucose, fructose, or lignocellulosic biomass via catalysis technology. However, the effective separation of 5-HMF from aqueous solution and actual biomass hydrolysate is still challenging because 5-HMF can be further rehydrated into levulinic acid (LA) and formic acid (FA) under acidic conditions. Herein, the adsorption behavior of glucose and 5-HMF and its follow-up products (LA and FA) from aqueous solutions onto polymeric adsorbents modified with various functional groups (XAD-4, XAD7HP, and XAD761 resins) was systematically investigated. The results showed that XAD761 resin exhibited the highest adsorption selectivity (α5-HMF/glucose = 42.42 ± 5.84, α5-HMF/FA = 18.41 ± 0.50, and α5-HMF/LA = 3.01 ± 0.10) and capacity for 5-HMF (106 mg g-1 wet resin). The adsorption equilibrium was better fitted by the Freundlich isotherm model at the studied range of 5-HMF concentrations. The thermodynamic study and activation energy also revealed that the adsorption process of XAD761 resin for 5-HMF was spontaneous, exothermic, and physical. The kinetic regression results revealed that the kinetic data of 5-HMF was accurately followed by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. In conclusion, the present study revealed that the potential of phenol formaldehyde resin with hydroxyl groups could be used as an adsorbent for aldehyde organic compounds.

Adsorption of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural, Levulinic Acid, Formic Acid, and Glucose Using Polymeric Resins Modified with Different Functional Groups.

Reactive extraction of pimelic (heptanedioic) acid from dilute aqueous solutions using trioctylamine in decan-1-ol

Using eco-friendly alternatives for the recovery of pyruvic acid by reactive extraction

The present study is on the use of sugar beet processing fly ash (SPFA) during the separation of acetic acid (AA) and formic acid (FA) from aqueous solutions by adsorption technique. Kinetic studies showed that the equilibration time was about 70 min for AA while 60 min for FA. The related data were observed to follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Isotherm curves exhibited that the process was fitted with Type 1. The adsorption efficiency increased with the increase in SPFA dosage and decreased with the AA or FA concentration. Equilibrium data were in consistency with the Langmuir isotherm model for both solutes. The adsorption capacities and removal efficiencies obtained with FA were higher than those with AA. The maximum values were 7.00 and 5.60 mmol/g for FA and AA, respectively. These values were considerably higher than the ones previously reported for the adsorption of these acids using several types of synthetic resins and fly ashes. Temperature negatively influenced the process but the effect was not significant. Regardless of the acid type studied, the process was exothermic and spontaneous. The results showed that SPFA can be efficiently used in the separation of these carboxylic acids from aqueous solutions.

/pdf/separation-of-formic-acid-and-acetic-acid-from-aqueous-5918d99q2c.pdf

Separation of formic acid and acetic acid from aqueous solutions using sugar beet processing fly ash: characterization, kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics

Synthesis, characterization, and use of an amine-functionalized mesoporous silica SBA-15 for the removal of Congo Red from aqueous media

This investigation focuses on the recovery of levulinic- (LA), acetic- (AA) and formic acids (FA) from aqueous mixed-acid solutions by reactive extraction using tri-n-octylamine (TOA). Alcohols were found to be the most efficient solvents tested. Recoveries increased with shorter alcohol chain length and higher TOA concentrations. Yields decreased with pH and maximum efficiencies were obtained at the unadjusted pH (1.83) of the ternary-acid solutions for all acids; with LA, maximum selectivity occurred at pH 5. Higher TOA levels enhanced efficiency in mixtures but slightly reduced selectivity. For LA recovery, efficiency and selectivity using 0.5 M TOA in 1-hexanol were 92 % and 23.8 %, respectively. Co-extraction of AA ceased at consecutive extractions (from 2nd to 10th) and 93.6 % of LA was recovered with a selectivity of 98 % after ten subsequent steps. LA in the organic phase was stripped with an efficiency of ~91 % with aqueous 1.0 M NaNO3. Selective extraction of AA and FA from binary-acid solutions was achieved at pH 5. The selectivity and separation factor decreased at higher TOA concentrations; however, 94.2 % of the AA was recovered with a selectivity of 93 % after seven successive extractions, followed by ~93 % recovery by back extraction. The remaining FA (94.2 %) in the aqueous solution had a selectivity of ~95 %. The data show that multi-stage reactive extraction can selectively separate LA, AA and FA from ternary- and binary-acid solutions. 

Selective and efficient separation of levulinic, acetic and formic acids from multi-acid solutions by adjusting process parameters

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