MXene-PANI/PES composite ultrafiltration membranes with conductive properties for anti-fouling and dye removal

Desalination by membrane pervaporation: A review

The demand for clean and sustainable energy has driven the need for efficient storage. Hydrogen being a carbon–neutral energy carrier, offers a versatile solution. However, reliable large-scale storage is crucial due to renewable energy fluctuations and production challenges. Underground hydrogen storage (UHS) in salt caverns has emerged as a favorable option given its numerous benefits, including high withdrawal capacity, low creation cost, and enhanced safety. This review provides a comprehensive examination of UHS in salt caverns. It begins with an overview of the potential of salt caverns for UHS, comparing them to UHS in porous media. Then discusses potential sites and various research initiatives related to UHS in salt caverns. Detailed attention is given to the integrity of salt caverns for UHS, comparing them to porous media, and a brief discussion on the transport mechanisms of hydrogen in salt caverns is included. Furthermore, the review covers experimental and modeling works concerning salt caverns for UHS. The review reveals that UHS in salt caverns plays a vital role in the decarbonization of the various energy sectors as there are numerous research initiatives in this regard. The various experimental and modelling works prove that salt caverns exhibit high storage integrity for UHS, despite the specific properties of hydrogen. The different salt deformation mechanisms act competitively to prevent significant permeability evolution. Further investigations were recommended to focus on the monitoring and control as well. In conclusion, this review offers a concise and focused understanding of UHS in salt caverns. 

A comprehensive review on geo-storage of H2 in salt caverns: Prospect and research advances

A high-flux antibacterial poly(amidoxime)-polyacrylonitrile blend membrane for highly efficient uranium extraction from seawater

Choice of hydrogen energy storage in salt caverns and horizontal cavern construction technology

Using underground space to store natural gas resources is an important means by which to solve emergency peak shaving of natural gas. Rock salt gas storage is widely recognized due to its high-efficiency peak shaving and environmental protection. Damage and stress concentrations inside the cavern injection during withdrawal operations and throughout the storage facility life have always been among the most important safety issues. Therefore, accurate evaluation of the stability of rock salt gas storage during operation is of paramount significance to field management and safety control. In this study, we used the finite element numerical analysis software Flac3D to numerically simulate large displacement deformations of the cavern wall during gas storage—in addition to the distribution of the plastic zone of the rock around the cavern and the surface settlement—under different working conditions. We found that the maximum surface settlement value occurred near the upper part of the cavern. The surface settlement value increased as a function of creep time, but this increase leveled off, that is, a convergence trend was observed. The value was relatively small and, therefore, had little impact on the surface. The application of gas pressure inhibited the growth of the plastic zone, but on the whole, the plastic zone’s range increased proportionally to creep time. For the 20-year creep condition, the deformation value of the cavern’s surrounding rock was large. Combined with the distribution of the plastic zone, we believe that the cavern’s surrounding rock is unstable; thus, corresponding reinforcement measures must be taken.

/pdf/stability-analysis-of-a-typical-salt-cavern-gas-storage-in-1pxtx86r.pdf

Stability Analysis of a Typical Salt Cavern Gas Storage in the Jintan Area of China

Enhancing the property of composite pervaporation desalination membrane by fabricating a less resistance substrate with porous but skinless surface structure

New design method of unequal taper thread (UTT) pairs and its application in API NC38 thread improvement

In the early construction of cavern leaching in salt cavern gas storages, the inner leaching tubing is often blocked, frequently leading to the bending deformation phenomenon of the leaching strings, which can result in out-of-control cavity shapes. It is difficult to monitor the stress, vibration, and morphological changes of the inner tube during the construction of a cavity. There are few research results in this field at home and abroad, and they are limited only to preliminary explorations of the mechanism or summaries and speculation of the field operation. In this paper, an experimental device for testing the dynamic characteristics of salt cavern leaching strings is developed based on the similarity principle. The device is used to simulate two types of operation processes, i.e., the direct and reverse circulation leaching processes. The experimental data are processed using the modal analysis method to obtain the vibration characteristic parameters of the inner leaching tubing in the circulation process with identical flow rates inside the tubing and the annular region. The following main conclusions can be drawn: The circulation mode has no significant effect on the vibration frequency of cavern leaching strings. The deformation characteristics of cavern leaching strings during direct and reverse circulation are identical, featuring maximum deformation at the bottom and minimum deformation in the middle. The maximum deformation of cavern leaching strings during reverse circulation is about 1.5 times that during direct circulation. Through an experimental investigation and analysis, the effects of the water injection rate and the cavern leaching method on the vibration frequency and bending deformation of cavern leaching strings was determined, providing a reference for further solving the bending problem of cavern leaching strings in combination with engineering practice.

/pdf/study-on-the-effect-of-the-water-injection-rate-on-the-kzl0wi4e.pdf

Study on the Effect of the Water Injection Rate on the Cavern Leaching Strings of Salt Cavern Gas Storages

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