Nano-based smart pesticide formulations: Emerging opportunities for agriculture

Carbon materials derived from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted much attention in the field of scientific research in recent years because of their advantages of excellent electron conductivity, high porosity, and diverse applications. Tremendous efforts are devoted to improving their chemical and physical properties, including optimizing the morphology and structure of the carbon materials, compositing them with other materials, and so on. Here, many kinds of carbon materials derived from metal-organic frameworks are introduced with a particular focus on their promising applications in batteries (lithium-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, and sodium-ion batteries), supercapacitors (metal oxide/carbon and metal sulfide/carbon), electrocatalytic reactions (oxygen reduction reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, and hydrogen evolution reaction), water treatment (MOF-derived carbon and other techniques), and other possible fields. To close, some existing problem and corresponding possible solutions are proposed based on academic knowledge from the reported literature, along with a great deal of experimental experience.

Applications of Metal-Organic-Framework-Derived Carbon Materials.

Having access to clean water is a mandatory requirement for the proper development of living beings So, addressing the removal of contaminants from aquatic systems should be a priority research topic in order to restore ecosystem balance and secure a more sustainable future The fascinating structures and striking physical properties of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have revealed them as excellent platforms for the removal of harmful species from water In this review, we have focused our attention on critically highlighting the latest developments achieved in the adsorptive removal of inorganic – metal cations, inorganic acids, oxyanions/cations, nuclear wastes and other inorganic anions – and organic – pharmaceuticals and personal care products, artificial sweeteners and feed additives, agricultural products, organic dyes and industrial products – contaminants commonly found in wastewater using MOF technologies In particular, we have attempted to give a clear insight into the different synthetic strategies for water remediation, stressing the wide tunability of MOFs For this purpose, we have classified these two kinds of pollutants into different subfamilies, based on their chemical composition or common use Finally, we have proposed some future trends and challenges that need to be addressed for widening the range of applicability of MOFs and making solid headway towards sustainable development

Metal–organic framework technologies for water remediation: towards a sustainable ecosystem

Herein, Fe-g-C3N4/Bi2WO6 Z-scheme heterojunction is elaborately designed to build a photo-Fenton system for the degradation of tetracycline (TC). In this study, the H2O2 decomposition performance of the Z-scheme heterojunction has been improved due to the doping of iron, improve photogenerated electrons transportability and facilitate spread of radicals, according to the efficacy analyses, and trapping experiment, ESR analysis as well as degradation pathways of TC. Moreover, DFT theoretical results suggest that the Z-scheme transfer route coupled with the generated photo–Fenton process builds a Z-scheme-charge-transfer platform for remarkable degradation of emerging pollutants, and the formation of Fe-N4 sites induces a spin polarization of the material and also introduces a defect state in the original forbidden band, which leads to extremely activity for the removal of TC in the photo-Fenton system. The study shows that 1O2 and •O2− are the main active species participating in the degradation process. 

Photo-Fenton degradation of tetracycline over Z-scheme Fe-g-C3N4/Bi2WO6 heterojunctions: Mechanism insight, degradation pathways and DFT calculation

Hollow heterostructured g-C3N4@CeO2 photocatalysts with rich oxygen vacancies are controllable designed by a facile strategy. The synergetic effect and oxygen vacancies of g-C3N4@CeO2 play the major role in the process of CO2 reduction, leading to CH4 generating much earlier and higher concentration than that of the pristine g-C3N4 and CeO2 alone. Meanwhile, the unique hollow structures can make multiple reflections of light in the cavity, and thus enhance the utilization efficiency of light. Moreover, the L-cysteine offers amine groups and meanwhile is anchored on the surface of g-C3N4 during the synthesis process, and thus contributes greatly to the enhanced CO2 adsorption capability. Additionally, the large CO2 adsorption capability is also beneficial for the enhanced photocatalytic activity. Therefore, the novel photocatalysts exhibit a remarkable reduction performance for CO2 reduction under visible light irradiation. The g-C3N4@CeO2 (CeO2 49.7 wt %) shows the highest yields of CH4 (3.5 μmol g−1), CH3OH (5.2 μmol g−1) and CO (16.8 μmol g−1), which are higher than most of other latest reported g-C3N4 based photocatalysts for CO2 photoreduction, including coupled with semiconductors and noble metal cocatalysts. This strategy might represent a novel way for the effective conversion of CO2 to clean fuels and can also be great potential used in the energy and environmental science.

Controlled assemble of hollow heterostructured g-C3N4@CeO2 with rich oxygen vacancies for enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction

Although many efforts have been devoted to the adsorptive removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions and eutrophic water, it is still highly desirable to develop novel adsorbents with high adsorption capacities. In this study, Fe-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), MIL-101 and NH2-MIL-101, are fabricated through a general facile strategy. Their performance as an adsorbent for phosphate removal is investigated. Experiments are performed to study the effects of various factors on the phosphate adsorption, including adsorbent dosage, contact time and co-existing ions. Both MIL-101(Fe) and NH2-MIL-101(Fe) show highly effective removal of phosphates from aqueous solutions, and the concentration of phosphates decrease sharply from the initial 0.60 mg·L−1 to 0.045 and 0.032 mg·L−1, respectively, within just 30 min of exposure. The adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms reveal that NH2-MIL-101(Fe) has higher adsorption capacity than MIL-101(Fe) possibly due to the amine group. Furthermore, the Fe-based MOFs also exhibit a high selectivity towards phosphate over other anions such as chloride, bromide, nitrate and sulfate. Particularly, the prepared Fe-based MIL-101 materials are also capable of adsorbing phosphate in an actual eutrophic water sample and display better removal effect.

/pdf/effective-adsorption-and-removal-of-phosphate-from-aqueous-43t4daqrg1.pdf

Effective Adsorption and Removal of Phosphate from Aqueous Solutions and Eutrophic Water by Fe-based MOFs of MIL-101

Controlled assemble of oxygen vacant CeO2@Bi2WO6 hollow magnetic microcapsule heterostructures for visible-light photocatalytic activity

Hollow octahedral ZnCo2O4 nanocages assembled from ultrathin 2D nanosheets are prepared through facile fast simultaneous coordinating etching and thermal processes. Electrochemical results show that the hollow octahedral ZnCo2O4 nanocage is an outstanding anode material for LIBs with a high reversible discharge capacity of 1025 mA h g−1 at 500 mA g−1 after 200 cycles, and an outstanding rate capability of 525 mA h g−1 at 4 A g−1. Moreover, this simple, low cost and fast process could be useful for the construction of many other hollow advanced materials for supercapacitors, sensors and other novel energy and environmental applications.

Controlled synthesis of hollow octahedral ZnCo2O4 nanocages assembled from ultrathin 2D nanosheets for enhanced lithium storage.

Self-assembled hierarchical hollow CuS@MoS2 microcubes with superior lithium storage

A facile generic template-free strategy is employed to prepare hierarchical hollow hybrid Fe2O3@MIL-101(Fe)/C materials derived from metal-organic frameworks as anode materials for Na-ion batteries. The intrinsic hollow nanostructure can shorten the lengths for both electronic and ionic transport, enlarge the surface areas of electrodes and improve accommodation of the volume change during Na+ insertion/extraction cycling. Therefore, The stable reversible capacity of Fe2O3@MIL-101(Fe)/C electrode is 710 mAhg−1 and can be retained at 662 mAhg−1 after 200 cycles with the retention of 93.2%. Especially, its overall rate performance data confirm again the importance of the hierarchical hollow structures and multi-elements characteristics toward high capacities in both low and high current rates. This general strategy may shed light on a new avenue for fast synthesis of hierarchic hollow functional materials for energy storage, catalyst, sensor and other new applications.

/pdf/hierarchical-hollow-fe2o3-mil-101-fe-c-derived-from-metal-ftp2m25ez0.pdf

Hierarchical hollow Fe2O3@MIL-101(Fe)/C derived from metal-organic frameworks for superior sodium storage.

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