Heavy metal contamination of water sources has emerged as a major global environmental concern, threatening both aquatic ecosystems and human health. Heavy metal pollution in the aquatic environment is on the rise due to industrialization, climate change, and urbanization. Sources of pollution include mining waste, landfill leachates, municipal and industrial wastewater, urban runoff, and natural phenomena such as volcanic eruptions, weathering, and rock abrasion. Heavy metal ions are toxic, potentially carcinogenic, and can bioaccumulate in biological systems. Heavy metals can cause harm to various organs, including the neurological system, liver, lungs, kidneys, stomach, skin, and reproductive systems, even at low exposure levels. Efforts to find efficient methods to remove heavy metals from wastewater have increased in recent years. Although some approaches can effectively remove heavy metal contaminants, their high preparation and usage costs may limit their practical applications. Many review articles have been published on the toxicity and treatment methods for removing heavy metals from wastewater. This review focuses on the main sources of heavy metal pollution, their biological and chemical transformation, toxicological impacts on the environment, and harmful effects on the ecosystem. It also examines recent advances in cost-effective and efficient techniques for removing heavy metals from wastewater, such as physicochemical adsorption using biochar and natural zeolite ion exchangers, as well as decomposition of heavy metal complexes through advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Finally, the advantages, practical applications, and future potential of these techniques are discussed, along with any challenges and limitations that must be considered.

Heavy metal pollution in the aquatic environment: efficient and low-cost removal approaches to eliminate their toxicity: a review

Pavement condition information is a significant component in Pavement Management Systems. The labeling and quantification of the type, severity, and extent of surface cracking is a challenging area for weighing the asphalt pavements. This paper presents a widespread review on various platform and image processing approaches for asphalt surface interpretation. The main part of this study presents a comprehensive combination of the state of the art in image processing based on crack interpretation related to asphalt pavements. An attempt is made to study the existing methodologies from different points of views accompanied by extensive comparisons on three stages of methods—distress detection, classification, and quantification to facilitate further research studies. This paper presents a survey of the developed pavement inspection systems up to date. Additionally, emerging and evolution technologies considered to automate the processes are discussed.

Image Based Techniques for Crack Detection, Classification and Quantification in Asphalt Pavement: A Review

Designing Fe-carbon catalyst with multiple active sites for persulfate (PS) activation to water purification is challenging. Herein, nitrogen-doped biochar (NBC) loaded with ferrous sulfide (FeS) was synthesized via two-step ball milling. In FeS@NBC BM /PS system, both electron transfer process and reactive oxygen species (ROSs) including SO 4 ⋅ − , O ⋅ H , O 2 • − and 1 O 2 contributed to phenol degradation. Surface-bound S(II) not only interacted with PS for generating SO 4 • − , but also accelerated Fe(III)/Fe(II) circulation by reducing Fe(III). NBC was favorable for phenol adsorption and exposure of oxygen-containing groups, graphitic and pyridinic N active sites, which mediated electron transfer or ROSs formation. Owing to multiple active sites, this system fast achieved almost complete phenol degradation with excellent adaptability to wide pH range of 3–9, high anti-interference capacity to coexisting substances, and was efficient to various water matrices. Furthermore, phenol degradation pathways were elucidated by DFT calculations with intermediate products showing lower toxicity, demonstrating great potentials of proposed system. • Ball-milled N-doped biochar-supported FeS is synthesized for persulfate activation. • FeS@NBC BM shows 27.7 and 9.88-fold catalytic activity compared to NBC BM and FeS@BC. • Surface-bound S(II) participates in SO 4 • − formation and promotes Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycle. • Graphitic/pyridinic N mediate electron transfer or nucleophilic addition of PS. • Both radical and non-radical pathways are involved in phenol degradation process. 

Ball milling-assisted preparation of N-doped biochar loaded with ferrous sulfide as persulfate activator for phenol degradation: Multiple active sites-triggered radical/non-radical mechanism

The effects of biochar and its applications in the microbial remediation of contaminated soil: A review.

Vitamin C modified crayfish shells biochar efficiently remove tetracycline from water: A good medicine for water restoration.

Applications of functionalized magnetic biochar in environmental remediation: A review.

High-efficiency decontamination of Pb(II) and tetracycline in contaminated water using ball-milled magnetic bone derived biochar

Path Planning of UAV Based on Voronoi Diagram and DPSO

Copper(I) halide organic-inorganic hybrid luminescent materials have many advantages, such as diverse structure, facile synthesis, high luminescent efficiency, tunable optical performance, etc., and show a broad application prospect in energy-saving lighting display and other fields. However, compared with commercial rare-earth-metal-based phosphors, the reported hybrids generally suffer from poor stability and low luminescent efficiency, which are the bottleneck problem of their practical application. With the aim of developing high-performance organic-inorganic hybrid luminescent materials, a new synthesis strategy has been reported. This strategy can systematically design and synthesis copper(I) halide ionic hybrid structures by combining the covalent bonding and ionic bonding between inorganic and organic components into one structure, and use their synergistic effect to optimizing their properties. This design method is expected to develop high-performance organic-inorganic hybrid luminescent materials, promote the in-depth understanding of this field, and provide new ideas for the optimization of other types of hybrid materials.

New Strategy for Optimizing the Properties of Copper Halide Organic-inorganic Hybrid Lighting-emitting Materials.

Manipulating the inorganic motif by kinetic control of antimony halide organic-inorganic hybrid materials for larger Stokes shift and significantly enhanced quantum efficiency.

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