Contests that non-contestants consume for entertainment are a fixture of economic, cultural and political life. We look to professional sports and exploit injury-induced changes to teams' line-ups to examine whether individuals prefer to consume contests that have more uncertain outcomes. Using data from the Australian Football League, we fi nd that a one standard-deviation increase in game outcome uncertainty causes, on average, an 11.2% increase in attendance. Our results extend
research on contest design and information preferences by showing that spectators strongly prefer evenly-balanced contests and appear to derive entertainment utility from suspense and the resolution of uncertainty.

Consuming Contests: Outcome Uncertainty and Spectator Demand for Contest-based Entertainment

The traditional view of football fans, especially in a country such as Australia, has often been an unflattering one, with fans cast as being young, male, and with a beer in one hand. This article performed a demographic analysis of television viewership within Australia’s two largest football codes, the Australian Football League and the National Rugby League, to explore the demographics of this audience more closely. This was coupled with an advertising content analysis of corresponding football telecasts to consider the degree of synchronicity between audience and advertising. The article concludes both codes have an older, male-orientated audience skew. However, given that approximately 40% of the audience is female, both codes can lay claim to a more even-gender share of viewership than might be expected, given the highly masculine and physical nature of both sports. Notably, in-game advertising largely reflects its audience, with the majority of the advertisers selling products that appeal to both m...

The Relationship Between Television Viewership and Advertising Content in Australian Football Broadcasts

Purpose




Whilst the impact of motives on sports attendance has received due scholarly attention, one context that appears to have been overlooked is the growing trend towards playing domestic league fixtures in an international setting. The purpose of this paper is to address this oversight by exploring how four different categories of motives distinguished attendees from non-attendees for an Australian Rules football game played in New Zealand.




Design/methodology/approach




A stadium-intercept method at a St Kilda home game was used for the purposes of data collection. In total, 2,000 survey invitations had been distributed. Of these, 381 usable online surveys were received. The resulting data were analysed using structural equation modelling.




Findings




This study found that the lower fans’ expectations of their team winning, the less likely they were to travel internationally to watch their team play. Furthermore, it also support that sport tourism is influenced not only by the event itself but also non-event attractions offered by the host destination image.




Research limitations/implications




The limitation applies to the research context in which the respondents were selected from one of the two competing teams.




Practical implications




This study confirms the importance of “special occasion” and highlights that an Australian Football League game played in New Zealand on ANZAC Day should continue to serve as a special occasion due to the historical significance of that day.




Originality/value




The results from this study confirm the importance of adding a fourth category of motives – contextual factors – to the existing list of push, pull and sports motives. The findings also support the obvious distinction between attending a domestic event vs attending an international one.

Identifying attendance motives for an international league fixture

/pdf/an-analysis-of-broadcasting-and-attendance-in-the-australian-4izd670fzs.pdf

An analysis of broadcasting and attendance in the Australian football industry

Since the Korea Baseball League (KBL) had nine teams, an odd number, in the 2013 season, one team was unable to compete at certain times in the rotation while the other eight teams played games Therefore, it was necessary to consider several elements to generate an annual match schedule in terms of team equity However, the annual match schedule created by the conventional method could not fully reflect the elements regarding team equity, and there were a great many complaints from teams and fans As a result, applying an optimization technique was decided upon to derive an efficient annual match schedule for the 2014 season All the required conditions for scheduling are formulated as one or more equations and several parameter values concerning team equity are calculated with the related equations Due to the complicated scheduling conditions, a sequential solution approach is applied by dividing the overall planning horizon in three parts The derived annual match schedule was used for the 2014 season after some modifications, and the staff of the KBL was satisfied with the performance of the proposed scheduling methodology Currently, this sustainable scheduling methodology is still in use to generate an efficient annual match schedule for the KBL

Sustainable Sport Scheduling Approach Considering Team Equity for the Korean Professional Baseball League

Asymmetries in scheduling slots and game-day revenues: An example from the Australian Football League

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Asymmetries in scheduling slots and game-day revenues: An example from the Australian Football League