MOF as nanoscale drug delivery devices: Synthesis and recent progress in biomedical applications

Abstract Developing drug delivery carriers for highly selective, controlled, and sustained release of the anti-cancer drugs is one of the crucial issues in the cancer strive. We herein report the synthesis of Fe 3 O 4 (M) and SiO 2 (S) nanoparticles and their nanocomposites with chitosan (CS) for high loading efficiency and subsequent release potentiality of Doxorubicin (DOX) anticancer drug. The as-synthesized nanostructures were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and thermal analysis techniques. The average crystallite sizes of the as-prepared M, S, CS/M, CS/S, and CS/M/S nanostructures were found to be 5, 15, 70, 22, and 29 nm, respectively. The loading and cumulative release of Doxorubicin for the produced nanostructures were examined, and the results exhibited loading efficacy of 71%, 95%, 96%, 79%, 17%, and 42% for M, S, CS, CS/M, CS/S, and CS/M/S nanostructures, respectively. The Doxorubicin releasing results revealed a promising cumulative release percentages at pH 4.2 and pH 5 compared with those at pH 7.4. At pH 4.2, the cumulative release percentages for DOX-M, DOX-S, DOX-CS, DOX/M, and DOX/CS/M/S were 94%, 96%, 92%, 95%, and 98%, respectively. While the corresponding percentages at pH 5 were 97%, 90%, 46%, 43%, and 70%. The percentage for DOX-CS/S was 60% at pH 5, though. The in-vitro cytotoxicity of M-DOX, CS-DOX, and M/CS-DOX was explored against two human cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and Hep-G2) using SRB (Sulforhodamine B) assay. The DOX-loaded M/CS exhibited the highest cytotoxicity and its IC 50 values were 2.65 and 2.25 μg/mL against Hep-G2 and MCF-7 cell lines, respectively, compared to the corresponding values of 5.1 and 4.5 μg/mL for free DOX. The results indicated that M/CS nanocomposite is a good candidate as drug delivery nano-carrier for the Doxorubicin anti-cancer drug. 

/pdf/composite-nanoarchitectonics-of-magnetic-silicon-dioxide-1m9r9cov.pdf

Composite Nanoarchitectonics of Magnetic Silicon Dioxide-Modified Chitosan for Doxorubicin Delivery and In Vitro Cytotoxicity Assay

A review of recent developments of metal-organic frameworks as combined biomedical platforms over the past decade.

A variety of nanomaterials have been developed specifically for biomedical applications, such as drug delivery in cancer treatment. These materials involve both synthetic and natural nanoparticles and nanofibers of varying dimensions. The efficacy of a drug delivery system (DDS) depends on its biocompatibility, intrinsic high surface area, high interconnected porosity, and chemical functionality. Recent advances in metal-organic framework (MOF) nanostructures have led to the achievement of these desirable features. MOFs consist of metal ions and organic linkers that are assembled in different geometries and can be produced in 0, 1, 2, or 3 dimensions. The defining features of MOFs are their outstanding surface area, interconnected porosity, and variable chemical functionality, which enable an endless range of modalities for loading drugs into their hierarchical structures. MOFs, coupled with biocompatibility requisites, are now regarded as highly successful DDSs for the treatment of diverse diseases. This review aims to present the development and applications of DDSs based on chemically-functionalized MOF nanostructures in the context of cancer treatment. A concise overview of the structure, synthesis, and mode of action of MOF-DDS is provided.

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/13/5/953/pdf?version=1678428265

BioMOF-Based Anti-Cancer Drug Delivery Systems

Recent advances in Metal-Organic Frameworks as nanocarriers for triggered release of anticancer drugs: Brief history, biomedical applications, challenges and future perspective.

Sound-absorbing porous materials: a review on polyurethane-based foams

Zinc-based metal-organic frameworks: synthesis and recent progress in biomedical application

Electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices have been swiftly developed in recent years. Stimuli‐responsive EES devices that respond to different external stimuli are considered the most advanced EES devices. The stimuli‐responsive EES devices enhanced the performance and applications of the EES devices. The capability of the EES devices to respond to the various external stimuli due to produced advanced EES devices that distinguished the best performance and interactions in different situations. The stimuli‐responsive EES devices have responsive behavior to different external stimuli including chemical compounds, electricity, photons, mechanical tensions, and temperature. All of these advanced responsiveness behaviors have originated from the functionality and specific structure of the EES devices. The multi‐responsive EES devices have been recognized as the next generation of stimuli‐responsive EES devices. There are two main steps in developing stimuli‐responsive EES devices in the future. The first step is the combination of the economical, environmental, electrochemical, and multi‐responsiveness priorities in an EES device. The second step is obtaining some advanced properties such as biocompatibility, flexibility, stretchability, transparency, and wearability in novel stimuli‐responsive EES devices. Future studies on stimuli‐responsive EES devices will be allocated to merging these significant two steps to improve the performance of the stimuli‐responsive EES devices to challenge complicated situations.

Stimuli‐Responsive Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices

Cobalt-based electroactive compounds: synthesis and their electrochemical and pseudocapacitance performance

Energy production/storage as one of the world’s leading issues has been widely studied. This significant problem can be solved by using disposable/low-cost biomass materials. Electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices including supercapacitors, rechargeable batteries, and hybrid EES devices have been extensively developed in recent years. The EES devices have been recognized as a proper answer to the energy storage problem in the world. Numerous studies have been accomplished to develop biomass-based and biochar-based EES devices to decrease environmental pollution and production costs. The most important part of the EES devices are electrodes including the cathode and anode. According to recent studies, biochar-based electrodes have considerable electrochemical properties. Wheat is one of the most important parts of the human diet. The wheat wastes have amazing electrochemical properties to be used as a precursor of electrochemical energy storage (EES) electrodes including supercapacitors, batteries, and hybrid EES devices. The benign/low-cost wheat wastes especially wheat straw and wheat husk have been used to fabricate wheat-based biochar materials. The electrochemical properties of the wheat-based biochar electrodes (cathode and anode) in the EES devices have determined that these benign/low-cost EES electrodes reduce production costs and obtain acceptable electrochemical performance and environmentally friendly procedures.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/2754-2734/acd43d/pdf

Waste-to-Wealth: Wheat-Based Porous Electrodes for Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices

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