Advancements in carbon capture technologies: A review

A new imaging technology has emerged that uses carbon nanotubes (CNT) as the electron emitter (cathode) for the X-ray tube. Since the performance of the CNT cathode is controlled by simple voltage manipulation, CNT-enabled X-ray sources are ideal for the repetitive imaging steps needed to capture three-dimensional information. As such, they have allowed the development of a gated micro-computed tomography (CT) scanner for small animal research as well as stationary tomosynthesis, an experimental technology for large field-of-view human imaging. The small animal CT can acquire images at specific points in the respiratory and cardiac cycles. Longitudinal imaging therefore becomes possible and has been applied to many research questions, ranging from tumor response to the noninvasive assessment of cardiac output. Digital tomosynthesis (DT) is a low-dose and low-cost human imaging tool that captures some depth information. Known as three-dimensional mammography, DT is now used clinically for breast imaging. However, the resolution of currently-approved DT is limited by the need to swing the X-ray source through space to collect a series of projection views. An array of fixed and distributed CNT-enabled sources provides the solution and has been used to construct stationary DT devices for breast, lung, and dental imaging. To date, over 100 patients have been imaged on Institutional Review Board-approved study protocols. Early experience is promising, showing an excellent conspicuity of soft-tissue features, while also highlighting technical and post-acquisition processing limitations that are guiding continued research and development. Additionally, CNT-enabled sources are being tested in miniature X-ray tubes that are capable of generating adequate photon energies and tube currents for clinical imaging. Although there are many potential applications for these small field-of-view devices, initial experience has been with an X-ray source that can be inserted into the mouth for dental imaging. Conceived less than 20 years ago, CNT-enabled X-ray sources are now being manufactured on a commercial scale and are powering both research tools and experimental human imaging devices. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2018, 10:e1475. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1475 This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging.

An update on carbon nanotube-enabled X-ray sources for biomedical imaging.

A cold cathode X-ray tube was fabricated using a carbon nanotube (CNT) field electron emitter made by a free-standing CNT film which is composed of a highly packed CNT network. A lot of CNT bundles with a sharp tip are vertically aligned at the edge of the thin CNT film with a length of 10 mm and a thickness of 7 μm. The cold cathode X-ray tube using the CNT field emitter presents an extremely high tube current density of 152 A/cm2 (corresponding to tube current of 106.4 mA), the electron beam transmittance of 95.2% and a small focal spot size (FSS) of 0.5 mm. In addition, the cold cathode X-ray tube also shows stable lifetime during 100 000 shots. High emission current density of the cold cathode X-ray tube is mainly attributed to a lot of electron emission sites at an edge of the CNT film. The small FSS is caused by an ensemble of the CNT field electron emitter made by a free-standing thin CNT film and the optimized curve-shape elliptical focusing lens. Based on obtained results, the cold cathode X-ray tube can be widely used for various X-ray applications such as medical diagnosis systems and security check systems in the future.

High-Performance Cold Cathode X-ray Tubes Using a Carbon Nanotube Field Electron Emitter.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Hirshfeld Surface analysis, DNA binding, Optical and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Schiff Bases derived from o-aminophenol

The development of metamaterial absorbers has become attractive for various fields of application, such as sensing, detectors, wireless communication, antenna design, emitters, spatial light modulators, etc. Multiband absorbers with polarization insensitivity have drawn significant attention in microwave absorption and sensing research. In this paper, we propose a quad-band polarization-insensitive metamaterial absorber (MMA) for Ku- and K-band applications. The proposed patch comprises two square split-ring resonators (SSRR), four microstrip lines, and an inner Jerusalem cross to generate four corresponding resonances at 12.62 GHz,14.12 GHz, 17.53 GHz, and 19.91 GHz with 97%, 99.51%, 99%, and 99.5% absorption, respectively. The complex values of permittivity, permeability, refractive index, and impedance of MMA were extracted and discussed. The absorption mechanism of the designed MMA was explored by impedance matching, equivalent circuit model, as well as magnetic field and electric field analysis. The overall patch has a rotational-symmetrical structure, which plays a crucial role in acquiring the polarization-insensitive property. The design also shows stable absorption for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes. Its near-unity absorption and excellent sensing performance make it a potential candidate for sensing applications.

/pdf/quad-band-polarization-insensitive-square-split-ring-2gb8cs05.pdf

Quad-Band Polarization-Insensitive Square Split-Ring Resonator (SSRR) with an Inner Jerusalem Cross Metamaterial Absorber for Ku- and K-Band Sensing Applications

https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/578560.pdf

An Intraoral Miniature X-ray Tube Based on Carbon Nanotubes for Dental Radiography

Behavior of characteristic X-rays from a partial-transmission-type X-ray target

Selective Removal of Lead (II) Ions from Wastewater with Fabricated ZnO-PVA Membrane

Hierarchical TiO2 nanoporous structures with tailored porosity have been fabricated by simply annealing of free-standing TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) layers in the presence of in situ trapped F-species. The hierarchical nanostructures consist of concatenated anatase TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs). TiO2 with different hierarchical nanostructure are obtained by changing the annealing rate of the free-standing TNTs layers. The hierarchical structure with nanopores formation in the walls of TNTs is achieved when the annealing rate is 3 °C/min. Increase in the annealing rate of the free-standing TNTs layers leads to the formation of hierarchical nanostructure of anatase TiO2 NPs morphologically resembling beads threaded into linear strings. The TiO2 hierarchical nanostructure undergoes two evolution steps, which include formation of nanopores in the walls of nanotubes and finally to concatenated anatase TiO2 NPs when the annealing rate is increased. Results show that hierarchical nanoporous structure of anatase TiO2 consist of nanopores whose diameter varies from 20 to 100 nm. EDX analysis confirms the presence of C and F-species in the as-prepared free-standing TNTs layer in significant amount. It is found that the hierarchical TiO2 nanostructure formation mainly depends upon the annealing rate and presence of F-species. GAXRD, Raman analysis and SAED pattern exhibits enhancement in the crystallinity of the hierarchically TiO2 nanostructure. This study provides an easy method for the synthesis of the hierarchical anatase TiO2 nanostructure on a large scale.

Formation of hierarchical TiO 2 nanoporous structure from free-standing TiO 2 nanotubes layers

Nickel Nanoparticles Loaded in Smart Crosslinked Organic Polymer Microgels/Hydrogels: A Review

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