Lignocellulosics as sustainable resources for production of bioplastics – A review

Biorefineries are considered as an integrative thinking that focuses on the possibility of obtaining as many added-value products as technically and economically feasible. However, in practice most biorefineries comprise only enzymatic or chemical pretreatment followed by biofuel generation. The drop in oil prices may menace the development of this young industry, as has happened before in history. This has become a fundamental reason for which the biofuel industry should not consider only biofuels production, but enzyme and non-fuel based chemicals as well. Hence, this work aims at overviewing the most important enzymes involved in biotechnological processes and to describe their role in biorefineries. Bioethanol, biogas and biodiesel biorefineries are overviewed, along with the integrated and industrial types. Finally separation and purification processes in biorefineries are discussed. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry

An overview of the enzyme potential in bioenergy‐producing biorefineries

/pdf/removal-of-wood-extractives-as-pulp-pre-treatment-a-2l8n4in8qy.pdf

Removal of wood extractives as pulp (pre-)treatment: a technological review

Grateloupia turuturu is an invasive macroalga on the Iberian coast, known to produce bioactive compounds with different cosmeceutical bioactivities, namely UV shielding and antioxidants. The goal of this study was to optimize the extraction procedure of main bioactivities of this species with cosmetic potential, using Response Surface Methodology. Two Box–Behnken designs were used to evaluate the effect of ethanol concentration (0–50%), liquid-solid ratio, time, pH, and temperature on yield, UV absorbance, and antioxidant activity. Both optimizations showed a similar trend: aqueous extracts have higher yields and extracts performed with ethanol as part of the solvent have higher activities concerning UV absorbance and antioxidant activity. For all the extracts an absorption peak between 320 and 340 nm was observed. This data now allows further studies by narrowing the extracts worthful of characterization. The development of industry-friendly extraction methods allows the valorization of this invasive species, contributing for the potential creation of natural and eco-friendly products by the cosmetic industry while contributing to the restoration of affected environments.

/pdf/industry-friendly-hydroethanolic-extraction-protocols-for-3z4tc9mx9b.pdf

Industry-friendly hydroethanolic extraction protocols for Grateloupia turuturu UV-shielding and antioxidant compounds

The present thesis is concerned with establishing a scientific-based operational strategy for operations that utilize biological raw material. Bio-based processes deal with the unavoidable natural disturbances that entail the processing of biological feedstock. The final properties of a product are invariably linked with the initial properties of the raw material. Nowadays large segments of the industry operate in a heuristic recipe-driven way, dependent on rule-of-thumb experience which too often leads to batch-to-batch discrepancies. To this end, the thesis deals with the development of tools necessary for the implementation of a flexible operational strategy. The tools are developed to fit the rationale of incorporating critical material attributes with a desired product quality target to acquire optimized process conditions. The optimization provides the conditions at which the process should run, for the raw material with the assessed critical material attributes, to achieve the desired quality. Furthermore, there is a need to assess whether both the defined conditions are ideal for the production system, and our predictions of product end quality are correct. Thus, a predictor correction through the incorporation of in-operation measurements is a necessary component for continuous process verification and improvement. An industrial case study of pectin production, focused on the batch extraction from citrus fruit peels, is developed in collaboration with CP Kelco. Citrus peels are analysed to demonstrate the conceptual and performance differences of distinct quality assessment approaches. The analysis demonstrates the advantage of characterization through multivariate data analysis coupled with a complementary spectroscopic technique, near-infrared spectroscopy. The quantitative comparative analysis of three different approaches, discriminant classification based on expert-knowledge, unsupervised classification, and spectroscopic correlation with reference physicochemical variables, is performed in the same dataset context. A mathematical model developed by Andersen et al. (2017) is considered for optimization of the process, taking into account raw material quality uncertainty. Before application, the model is evaluated through local sensitivity analysis. The impact of raw material uncertainty was further assessed through an uncertainty analysis, which quantified the variability of model predictions for three different types of fruit. The model provides a good agreement with the general depiction of the extraction phenomena. The critical operating parameters, i.e., temperature, pH and batch time, are then optimized in a deterministic manner to maximize the final pectin concentration while satisfying given requirements. A robust (worst-case) optimization is examined

Model-based Monitoring and Optimization of a Bio-based Process

Solid–liquid extraction (SLE) is a common separation method employed in industry Since the production of bioenergy is not directly related to SLE, this chapter focuses on bio-based products including biofuels The chapter presents an overview of the current status of SLE in the biorefinery industry, and discusses SLE principles, process design, and modeling considerations, as well as elaborating on the industrial application of SLE by providing some examples Finally, the economic importance and challenges of SLE are discussed The state-of-the-art technology for SLE in the biorefinery industry involves not only the equipment design and operation, but also the process model The development of statistical models based on experimental design and the application of various process flows is one of the new modeling approaches in SLE

Solid–Liquid Extraction in Biorefinery

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Solid–Liquid Extraction in Biorefinery