BEZOLD h~l t die Spraehe ffir das vorzf igl iehste Mit te l , u m eine rasche a l lgemeine Or ien t ie rung fiber das im Einzelfa l l vor l iegende HSrve rmSgen zu gewinnen. E r sagt wSrt l ich : , ,Die Spraehe enth/~lt eine so vo l lkommene Zusammens te l lung al ler mSgl iehen L a u t k o m p l e x e , dab wir sie ffir unsere H S r p r o b e n erf inden mfiBten, wenn wir sie n ich t schon h/~tten.\" Es war also nahel iegend, dab er sich auBer den yon ihm gemeinsam mi t EDELMANN zusammenges t e l l t en kon t inu ie r l i chen Tonre ihen tier Spraehe zur HSrlorfifung bedien te . E r leg te nun abe r W e r t darauf , dab alle Prf ifungswor te gleieh le icht bzw. gleich schwer zu e r r a t e n seien und aueh darauf , dab al le gleiehm~i~ig b e k a n n t seien. Also s te l l te er den begriff l ichen S t a n d p u n k t fiber den akus~isehen. Aus d iesem Grunde sehlug e r v o r , mi t t e l s F l f i s t e r sprache die Zah len als Tes twSr te r zu nehmen. In strenger Befolgung seiner Forderungen kam er allerdings nut ~uf ein Testmaterial yon 6 Z~hlwSrtern, und zwar 9 und 100 ffir die tiefen Lagen, 8 fiir die mittleren und 4, 5, 7 f/it die oberen Lagen. Bei den wenigen Zahlw6rtern, die iiberdies leieht erraten werden k6nnen, ist der Pr/ifungswert gering. Man muB sieh iiberhaupt wundern, dab sieh die ZahlwSrter bis heute hartn/iekig in der ohren&rztlichen Praxis behauptet haben. Dies ist sieher dureh die bequeme Handhabung zu erkl/iren. Wie sp&ter noeh ausgefiihrt wird, kSnnen wir auch heute die Zahlw6rter f/Jr eine orientierende HSruntersuehung nieht missen, sie miissen jedoch dutch zus&tzliehe WSrterteste erg&nzt werden. N a e h d e m H~LMHOLTZ 1862 seine Lehre yon den Tonempf indungen aufges te l l t u n d eine L a u t a n a l y s e f~r die Vokale b e s t i m m t ha t t e , f f ihr te WOLF 1871 ~uf demse]ben Wege eine U n t e r s u e h u n g der selbst~Snenden K o n s o n a n t e n durch, d ie d a n n sp&ter du t ch HEI~lgANI~, K6HLEI~ und QUI~KE wei tergeff ihr t und dureh ST~MPF 1926 ihre Vol lendung erfuhr. I m engl isehen Spraehgeb ie t wa ren es vornehml ieh MILLEa 1916 und sp/ i ter FLETCHER 1924 und Cl~A~DELL 1925 be i der BELL-Telefon-Gesellsehaft . Speziel le E inze l lau tpr f i fungen s te l l t en sieh jedoeh als zu einf6rmig heraus , und so ff ihr te WOLF e r s tmal ig eine Auswah l Prf ifungswSr ter auf, wobei er den ffir das W o r t v e r s t a n d n i s en t sehe idenden Konsonan ten einen gr6Beren Pr f i fungswer t zuges tand. Mi t te l s leiser F]fisters t imme e rmi t t e l t e er dureh eine Reihe en t sp reehender Tes twSr te r y o n

[Speech audiometry and new word-tests].

Holes in the reticular lamina after noise exposure: Implication for continuing damage in the organ of Corti

Growth of hearing loss and cochlear lesion with increasing duration of noise exposure

I. Introduction TRADITIONALLY, a speech discrimination score is the percentage of test items a person can identify correctly by ear. Two decades ago lists of monosyllabic words, the PB-50 tests, were adapted to the measurement of the speech discrimination of the hearing impaired. These materials have since become thoroughly entrenched in otological and audiological practice. unfortunately, a number of confusions regarding their use has persisted to the present. Our purpose is to review some of the factors that contribute to these confusions. The goal is to examine problems which, when kept in mind, can help otologists stabilize measurement of speech discrimination and unify their interpretation of its results. II. Test Materials The first problem is, "Which test materials shall one use?" A test of discrimination for speech, as opposed to a threshold test, must consist of relatively nonredundant items. Otherwise, the multiplicity of clues available to the patient will obscure

Problems in the measurement of speech discrimination.

One hundred and ten chinchillas were exposed to a 700–2800 Hz noise at 123 dB for 15 minutes. A consistent pattern of ultrastructural pathology within the lateral cochlear wall was found. Significant damage to the stria vascularis was first observed one hour postexposure, reached a peak at 24 hours, and had recovered almost completely by 28 days. Spiral prominence damage was permanent. The pathology included stria widening, temporary disappearance of intermediate cells, alterations of the internal membrane system and abnormal vessel transport. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was employed as an indicator of transport from vessels. Transport from the stria vessels was absent when stria ultrastructural abnormality was at a maximum; at other postexposure times, however, abnormally rapid exodus of HRP from the vessels of the stria was observed in animals who had received intravenous injections of HRP 30 seconds prior to sacrifice. On the other hand, no leakage was observed in the animals injected one minute befor...

Stria ultrastructure and vessel transport in acoustic trauma.

The articulation area and the social adequacy index for hearing.

Recovery from acoustic trauma in the guinea pig.

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The articulation area and the social adequacy index for hearing.

Recovery from acoustic trauma in the guinea pig.