Ecological restoration, when implemented effectively and sustainably, contributes to protecting biodiversity; improving human health and wellbeing; increasing food and water security; delivering goods, services, and economic prosperity; and supporting climate change mitigation, resilience, and adaptation. It is a solutions-based approach that engages communities, scientists, policymakers, and land managers to repair ecological damage and rebuild a healthier relationship between people and the rest of nature. When combined with conservation and sustainable use, ecological restoration is the link needed to move local, regional, and global environmental conditions from a state of continued degradation, to one of net positive improvement. The second edition of the International Principles and Standards for the Practice of Ecological Restoration (the Standards) presents a robust framework for restoration projects to achieve intended goals, while addressing challenges including effective design and implementation, accounting for complex ecosystem dynamics (especially in the context of climate change), and navigating trade-offs associated with land management priorities and decisions.

https://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs_journals/2019/rmrs_2019_gann_g001.pdf

International principles and standards for the practice of ecological restoration: Second edition

Resilience and resistance concepts have broad application to ecology and society. Resilience is an emergent property that reflects the amount of disruption a system can withstand before its structure or organization uncharacteristically shift. Resistance is a component of resilience. Before the advent of intensive forest management and fire suppression, western North American forests exhibited a naturally occurring resilience to wildfires and other disturbances. Using evidence from ten ecoregions, spanning forests from Canada to Mexico, we review the properties of these forests that reinforced those qualities. We show examples of multi-level landscape resilience, of feedbacks within and among levels, and how conditions have changed under climatic and management influences. We highlight geographic similarities and differences in the structure and organization of historical landscapes, their forest types, and in the conditions that have changed resilience and resistance to abrupt or large-scale disruptions. We discuss the regional climates’ role in episodically or abruptly reorganizing plant and animal biogeography, and forest resilience and resistance to disturbances. We give clear examples of these changes and suggest that managing for resilient forests is a construct that is strongly dependent on scale and social values. It involves human community adaptations that work with the ecosystems they depend on and the processes that shape them. It entails actively managing factors and exploiting mechanisms that drive dynamics at each level as means of adapting landscapes, species, and human communities to climate change, and maintaining core ecosystem functions, processes, and services. Finally, it compels us to prioritize management that incorporates ongoing disturbances and anticipated effects of climatic changes, to support dynamically shifting patchworks of forest and nonforest. Doing so will make these shifting forest conditions and wildfire regimes more gradual and less disruptive to individuals and society.

/pdf/climate-environment-and-disturbance-history-govern-4jikukko1l.pdf

Climate, environment, and disturbance history govern resilience of Western North American forests

https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/journals/pnw_2016_hessburg001.pdf

Tamm Review: Management of mixed-severity fire regime forests in Oregon, Washington, and Northern California

https://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/north/psw_2019_north002.pdf

Tamm Review: Reforestation for resilience in dry western U.S. forests

Techniques demontrees sur des donnees issues d'un enregistrement par microscopie confocale de la localisation en 3 dimensions de cellules

Analysis of a three-dimensional point pattern with replication

Historical spatial patterns and contemporary tree mortality in dry mixed-conifer forests.

Using LiDAR to develop high-resolution reference models of forest structure and spatial pattern

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Historical spatial patterns and contemporary tree mortality in dry mixed-conifer forests.

Using LiDAR to develop high-resolution reference models of forest structure and spatial pattern