Nature And Properties Of Soils

Phosphorus is the second most critical macronutrient after nitrogen required for metabolism, growth, and development of plants. Despite the abundance of phosphorus in both organic and inorganic forms in the soil, it is mostly unavailable for plant uptake due to its complexation with metal ions in the soil. The use of agrochemicals to satisfy the demand for phosphorus to improve crop yield has led to the deterioration of the ecosystem and soil health, as well as an imbalance in the soil microbiota. Consequently, there is a demand for an alternate cost-effective and eco-friendly strategy for the biofortification of phosphorus. One such strategy is the application of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms which can solubilize insoluble phosphates in soil by different mechanisms like secretion of organic acids, enzyme production, and excretion of siderophores that can chelate the metal ions and form complexes, making phosphates available for plant uptake. These microbes not only solubilize phosphates but also promote plant growth and crop yield by producing plant-growth-promoting hormones like auxins, gibberellins, and cytokinins, antibiosis against pathogens, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase which enhances plant growth under stress conditions, improving plant resistance to heavy metal toxicity, and so on. Pyrroloquinoline quinine (pqq) and glucose dehydrogenase (gcd) are the representative genes for phosphorus solubilization in microorganisms. The content presented in this review paper focuses on different mechanisms and modes of action of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms, their contribution to phosphorus solubilization, growth-promoting attributes in plants, and the molecular aspects of phosphorus solubilization.

Phosphate-Solubilizing Microorganisms: Mechanism and Their Role in Phosphate Solubilization and Uptake

Benefits of phosphate solubilizing bacteria on belowground crop performance for improved crop acquisition of phosphorus

Improvement of phosphorus uptake, phosphorus use efficiency, and grain yield in upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) in response to phosphate-solubilizing bacteria blended with phosphorus fertilizer

Soil microorganisms play an important role in maintaining natural ecological balance through active participation in carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorous cycles. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) are of high importance in the rhizosphere, enhancing the solubilization of inorganic phosphorus complexes into soluble forms available for plant nutrition. The investigation of this species of bacteria is of major interest in agriculture, as they can be used as biofertilizers for crops. In the present study, 28 isolates of PSB were obtained after the phosphate enrichment of soil samples from five Tunisian regions. Five PSB species were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing including Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. putida, and P. taiwanensis, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Pantoea agglomerans. Solid and liquid Pikovskaya’s (PVK) and National Botanical Research Institute’s (NBRIP) media containing insoluble tricalcium phosphate were used for the evaluation of the phosphate solubilization ability of the bacterial isolates by two methods: visual evaluation of the solubilization zone around colonies (halo) and determination of solubilized phosphates in liquid medium by the colorimetric method of the vanado-molybdate yellow. Based on the results of the halo method, the isolate of each species that showed the higher phosphate solubilization index was selected for evaluation of phosphate solubilization by the colorimetric method. In the liquid media, the bacterial isolates showed phosphate solubilization ranging from 535.70 to 618.57 µg mL−1 in the NBRIP medium, and 374.20 to 544.28 µg mL−1 in the PVK medium, with the highest values produced by P. fluorescens. The best phosphate solubilization ability and higher reduction in broth pH, which indicates higher organic acid production, were achieved in NBRIP broth for most of the PSB. Strong correlations were observed between the average capability of PSB to solubilize phosphates and both the pH and total phosphorous content in the soil. The production of the hormone indole acetic acid (IAA), which can promote plant growth, was observed for all five PSB species. Among them, P. fluorescens obtained from the forest soil of northern Tunisia showed the highest production of IAA (50.4 ± 0.9 µg mL−1).

/pdf/isolation-identification-and-characterization-of-phosphate-1aej93yl.pdf

Isolation, Identification, and Characterization of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria from Tunisian Soils

Phosphate solubilizing bacteria can reduce dependence on chemical phosphorus (P) fertilizers by mineralizing and solubilizing indigenous soil P.  What’s why,  we assessed the interactive effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (with and without PSB) and phosphorus levels (60, 90 and 120 kg P2O5 ha-1) on P uptake and yield of wheat crop under field conditions.  Two factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was used. The PSB inoculation significantly enhanced plant height (3%), 1000 grains weight (12%), grain (6%), biological (13%) and straw yield (18.5%) of wheat over control. Inoculation with PSB also significantly improved plant P concentration and uptake (26% each) over un-inoculated control. Similarly, with increasing application rates of P from 60 to 120 kg P2O5 ha-1 the tested parameter were significantly improved except straw yield. The interactive effect of PSB and P exhibited significant effect on 1000 grains weight while the rest of parameter didn’t respond significantly. However, generally PSB inoculation with P enhanced yield attributes and improved P use efficiency over sole application of P. Thus it may be concluded that PSB should be applied with P to enhance wheat yield and P use efficiency.
Keywords: Alkaline soils; PSB inoculation; Phosphorus uptake; Wheat
http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2019.80124

https://mail.thepab.org/index.php/journal/article/download/975/625

78. Combining phosphorus (P) with phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) improved wheat yield and P uptake in alkaline soil

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78. Combining phosphorus (P) with phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) improved wheat yield and P uptake in alkaline soil