Pd-catalysed carbonylations: versatile technology for discovery and process chemists

Marine fungi represent a huge potential for new natural products and an increased number of new metabolites have become known over the past years, while much of the hidden potential still needs to be uncovered. Representative examples of biodiversity studies of marine fungi and of natural products from a diverse selection of marine fungi from the author's lab are highlighting important aspects of this research. If one considers the huge phylogenetic diversity of marine fungi and their almost ubiquitous distribution, and realizes that most of the published work on secondary metabolites of marine fungi has focused on just a few genera, strictly speaking Penicillium, Aspergillus and maybe also Fusarium and Cladosporium, the diversity of marine fungi is not adequately represented in investigations on their secondary metabolites and the less studied species deserve special attention. In addition to results on recently discovered new secondary metabolites of Penicillium species, the diversity of fungi in selected marine habitats is highlighted and examples of groups of secondary metabolites produced by representatives of a variety of different genera and their bioactivities are presented. Special focus is given to the production of groups of derivatives of metabolites by the fungi and to significant differences in biological activities due to small structural changes.

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/14/1/19/pdf

Natural Products from Marine Fungi—Still an Underrepresented Resource

The focus of this review is placed on the chemical structures from the species of the genus Talaromyces reported with reference to their biological activities. 221 secondary metabolites, including 43 alkaloids and peptides, 88 esters, 31 polyketides, 19 quinones, 15 steroid and terpenoids, and 25 other structure type compounds, have been included, and 66 references are cited.

/pdf/the-bioactive-secondary-metabolites-from-talaromyces-species-331h8utphu.pdf

The Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Talaromyces species.

Phthalides are a relatively small group of natural compounds confined to several plant families and some genera of fungi and liverworts. They are divided into two structural groups, the monomeric and dimeric phthalides, and known mainly as bioactive constituents of different plant species used traditionally for medicinal purposes in Asia, Europe, and North America.

Phthalides: Distribution in Nature, Chemical Reactivity, Synthesis, and Biological Activity.

Solid-phase synthesis of isoindolinones and naturally-occurring benzobutyrolactones (phthalides) using a cyclative-cleavage approach

Talaromyces flavus FKI-0076, a soil isolate, was found to produce compounds which reinforce the anti-Candida albicans activity of miconazole. Four structurally related compounds, a novel one, designated actofunicone, and the knowns deoxyfunicone, vermistatin and NG-012, were isolated from the culture broth by solvent extraction, ODS column chromatography and HPLC. The structure of actofunicone was elucidated as benzoic acid, 3, 5-dimethoxy-2-[[4-oxo-6-(2-acetyloxy propyl)-4H-pyran-3-yl]carbonyl]-, methyl ester by various spectroscopic analyses including NMR experiments. These compounds potentiated the anti-C. albicans activity of miconazole, decreasing the IC50 value of miconazole from 19μM to 1.6-3.7μM in the presence of the funicones.

Funicone-related compounds, potentiators of antifungal miconazole activity, produced by Talaromyces flavus FKI-0076

Funicone‐Related Compounds, Potentiators of Antifungal Miconazole Activity, Produced by Talaromyces flavus FKI‐0076.

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Funicone-related compounds, potentiators of antifungal miconazole activity, produced by Talaromyces flavus FKI-0076

Funicone‐Related Compounds, Potentiators of Antifungal Miconazole Activity, Produced by Talaromyces flavus FKI‐0076.