2D Layered Materials: Synthesis, Nonlinear Optical Properties, and Device Applications

Abstract Since graphene was first reported as a saturable absorber to achieve ultrafast pulses in fiber lasers, many other two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as topological insulators, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, and MXenes, have been widely investigated in fiber lasers due to their broadband operation, ultrafast recovery time, and controllable modulation depth. Recently, solution-processing methods for the fabrication of 2D materials have attracted considerable interest due to their advantages of low cost, easy fabrication, and scalability. Here, we review the various solution-processed methods for the preparation of different 2D materials. Then, the applications and performance of solution-processing-based 2D materials in fiber lasers are discussed. Finally, a perspective of the solution-processed methods and 2D material-based saturable absorbers are presented.

/pdf/solution-processed-two-dimensional-materials-for-ultrafast-40od9nyc7x.pdf

Solution-processed two-dimensional materials for ultrafast fiber lasers (invited)

Abstract Due to the unique properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials, much attention has been paid to the exploration and application of 2D materials. In this review, we focus on the application of 2D materials in mode-locked fiber lasers. We summarize the synthesis methods for 2D materials, fiber integration with 2D materials and 2D materials based saturable absorbers. We discuss the performance of the diverse mode-locked fiber lasers in the typical operating wavelength such as 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 μm. Finally, a summary and outlook of the further applications of the new materials in mode-locked fiber lasers are presented.

/pdf/recent-advances-in-mode-locked-fiber-lasers-based-on-two-rm7gslhwck.pdf

Recent advances in mode-locked fiber lasers based on two-dimensional materials

We report Q-switched and mode-locked erbium-doped all-fiber lasers using ternary ReS2(1−x)Se2x as saturable absorbers (SAs). The modulation depth and saturable intensity of the film SA are 1.8% and 0.046  MW/cm2. In Q-switched mechanism output, the pulse was centered at 1531.1 nm with maximum pulse energy and minimum pulse width of 28.29 nJ and 1.07 μs, respectively. In mode-locked operation, the pulse was centered at 1561.15 nm with pulse width of 888 fs, repetition rate of 2.95 MHz, and maximum pulse energy of 0.275 nJ. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the mode-locked Er3+-doped fiber laser using ternary transition metal dichalcogenides. This work suggests prospective 2D-material SAs can be widely used in versatile fields due to their attractive optoelectronic and tunable energy bandgap properties.

Ternary ReS 2(1- x ) Se 2 x alloy saturable absorber for passively Q -switched and mode-locked erbium-doped all-fiber lasers

Ternary MoWSe2 alloy saturable absorber for passively Q-switched Yb-, Er- and Tm-doped fiber laser

In this work, we fabricate the Mo0.5W0.5S2 by microwave-assisted solvothermal method, and report the Q-switched Yb-doped fiber lasers (YDFL) using Mo0.5W0.5S2 polymer film and tapered fiber as the saturable absorbers (SAs). The modulation depth and saturable intensity of the film SA are 5.63% and 6.82 MW cm-2. The shortest pulse duration and the maximum single pulse energy are 1.22 μs and 148.8 nJ for the film SA, 1.46 μs and 339 nJ for the fiber-taper SA. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the Q-switched YDFL using Mo0.5W0.5S2 SAs.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6528/aab5f2/pdf

Mo0.5W0.5S2 for Q-switched pulse generation in ytterbium-doped fiber laser.

A passively Q-switched Er-doped fiber laser based on a novel transition metal sulfide (TMDs) Mo0.5W0.5S2 absorber is reported for the first time. There are two different types of Mo0.5W0.5S2-based saturable absorbers (SAs) that achieve Q-switching operation, one of which is depositing the Mo0.5W0.5S2 on the surface of the tapered fiber, and the maximum single pulse energy of 172.91 nJ and minimum pulse width of 1.42 µs is obtained. While the other is transferring Mo0.5W0.5S2-PVA(polyvinyl alcohol: PVA) SA film onto a standard FC/APC fiber end face, the high single pulse energy of 246.5 nJ and the minimum pulse width is 1.92 μs is obtained, and the modulation depth of SAs detected by the twin-detector method is 15%. The experiment results show that Mo0.5W0.5S2 can be considered as a promising candidate for pulse fiber laser applications and other photoelectric devices.

High energy passively Q-switched Er-doped fiber laser based on Mo 0.5 W 0.5 S 2 saturable absorber

Mixed molybdenum tungsten disulphide (MoxW1-xS2), a new member of the transition metal dichalcogenides, has drawn much research attention in the photonic devices. In this work, we demonstrate a Q-switched Tm-doped fiber laser (TDF) using Mo0.8W0.2S2 polymer film as a saturable absorber (SA). Mo0.8W0.2S2 is obtained by microwave-assisted solvothermal method and its nanosheets are embedded into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film. The film SA is sandwiched between two fiber connectors and is inserted into the all-fiber TDF laser cavity. The total cavity length of TDF is 30m and a 4 m Tmdoped fiber is used as the gain medium. The TDF is pumped by a multimode 793nm laser diode (LD). Use the polarization controller (PC) to change the polarization states, a relatively stable Q-switched pulse train are realized when the pump power up to 2.17 W. The output power of the oscillator increase from 4.4 mW to 7.3 mW with the pulse repetition rate from 11.9 kHz to 15.7 kHz. In addition, the shortest pulse duration of 11.7 μs generated with the pump power of 2.26W.

Q-Switched Tm-doped fiber ring laser using Mo 0.8 W 0.2 S 2 saturable absorber

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Papers

Mo0.5W0.5S2 for Q-switched pulse generation in ytterbium-doped fiber laser.

High energy passively Q-switched Er-doped fiber laser based on Mo 0.5 W 0.5 S 2 saturable absorber

Q-Switched Tm-doped fiber ring laser using Mo 0.8 W 0.2 S 2 saturable absorber