다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

Topology optimization is the process of determining the optimal layout of material and connectivity inside a design domain. This paper surveys topology optimization of continuum structures from the year 2000 to 2012. It focuses on new developments, improvements, and applications of finite element-based topology optimization, which include a maturation of classical methods, a broadening in the scope of the field, and the introduction of new methods for multiphysics problems. Four different types of topology optimization are reviewed: (1) density-based methods, which include the popular Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization (SIMP) technique, (2) hard-kill methods, including Evolutionary Structural Optimization (ESO), (3) boundary variation methods (level set and phase field), and (4) a new biologically inspired method based on cellular division rules. We hope that this survey will provide an update of the recent advances and novel applications of popular methods, provide exposure to lesser known, yet promising, techniques, and serve as a resource for those new to the field. The presentation of each method's focuses on new developments and novel applications.

/pdf/a-survey-of-structural-and-multidisciplinary-continuum-3lbeegkisv.pdf

A survey of structural and multidisciplinary continuum topology optimization: post 2000

This review paper provides an overview of different level-set methods for structural topology optimization. Level-set methods can be categorized with respect to the level-set-function parameterization, the geometry mapping, the physical/mechanical model, the information and the procedure to update the design and the applied regularization. Different approaches for each of these interlinked components are outlined and compared. Based on this categorization, the convergence behavior of the optimization process is discussed, as well as control over the slope and smoothness of the level-set function, hole nucleation and the relation of level-set methods to other topology optimization methods. The importance of numerical consistency for understanding and studying the behavior of proposed methods is highlighted. This review concludes with recommendations for future research.

Level-set methods for structural topology optimization: a review

Nonlinear finite element analysis of solids and structures by M.A. Crisfield

International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society International Multidisciplinary Classification of Lung Adenocarcinoma

Background and objective Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy is generally accepted for patients with lung cancer. The aim of this study is to explore the feasibility of the single-operation-hole thoracoscopic lobectomy in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Methods To review and analyze the single-operation-hole thoracoscopic lobectomy performed in our hospital for 113 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases from October 2010 to October 2013. The incision for observation was 1.5 cm the eighth intercostal at the rear of the midaxillary line and the incision for operation was 2.0 cm-4.0 cm at the fourth or fifth intercostal of the anterior axillary line. The operations were performed through the single-operation-hole. Result The operation processes were smooth for all the patients without any operative mortality occurrence. Only in 5 cases was the operation hole expanded because of the occurrence of massive hemorrhage during the operation; 3 patients with postoperative complications underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy again, including 2 cases of delayed hemorrhage and 1 case of chylothorax. The average surgical duration was (178.24±31.17) min, the average blood loss was (213.56±62.38) mL, and the number of lymph nodes dissected was from 5-22. All diagnose were confirmed by pathology after operation. The average length of stay was (8.17±2.93) d. All cases recovered well during the follow-up of (2-38) months, only 5 cases had recurrence or metastasis. Conclusion The single-operation-hole thomcoscopic lobectomy for lung cancer is safe and feasible, further reducing the trauma, and can be used as a conventional treatment for early- or medium-term NSCLC..
	
	DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2014.05.11

[Analysis of single-operation-hole thoracoscopic lobectomy in 113 clinical cases].

Background Lung cancer has become the most common malignant tumor worldwide, with the highest rates of morbidity and mortality. The detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can be simple, rapid, and minimally invasive, thus endowing them with a high value in the diagnosis of malignant tumors. We aimed to explore the correlation between CTCs in peripheral blood and benign or malignant solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs). Methods A total of 223 patients with SPNs from January 2018 to May 2020 were recruited. During the same period, 20 healthy volunteers were recruited as controls. Venous blood samples were collected from participants for detecting CTCs using a folate receptor (FR)-positive cell detection kit, as well as tumor biomarkers. Results A significant difference in the level of CTCs were observed between the malignant SPNs group, the benign SPNs group, and the control group, which was markedly higher in the malignant SPNs group (10.48±3.49 FU/3 mL) than both the benign SPNs and control groups (6.38±0.53 and 4.45±1.21 FU/3 mL, respectively) (P<0.001). In addition, the level of CTCs was significantly higher in the benign SPNs group than in the control group (P=0.023). In particular, in the malignant SPNs group, patients older than 60 years (11.45±3.92 FU/3 mL) presented a notably higher level of CTCs than other patients (9.55±2.74 FU/3 mL). The patients were then classified according to the pathological subtypes of lung cancer. There was a significant difference in level of CTCs among patients with squamous cell carcinoma (9.10±1.94 FU/3 mL), adenocarcinoma (10.77±3.71 FU/3 mL), and adenosquamous cell carcinoma (11.78±2.61 FU/3 mL). Binary logistic regression analysis suggested that CTCs were an independent risk factor of malignant SPN (OR =3.698, 95% CI: 1.136-11.035, P=0.030). The sensitivity and specificity of CTCs in diagnosing malignant SPNs was significantly higher than tumor biomarkers (single or combined) [sensitivity =89.1%; specificity =92.3%; area under curve (AUC) (95% CI) =0.907 (0.861-0.942)]. Conclusions Peripheral blood CTCs can be used in the diagnosis of malignant SPNs and are recommended for clinical application.

/pdf/value-of-circulating-tumor-cells-in-the-diagnosis-and-3slr4uwfhw.pdf

Value of circulating tumor cells in the diagnosis and treatment of solitary pulmonary nodules.

Effect of solder composition on the growth behavior of interfacial compounds on (001) Cu and polycrystalline Cu during aging

Background With the application of high resolution computed tomography (CT), a large number of peripheral lung lesions were found. It put forward new challenge on clinical diagnosis and treatment for these peripheral lung lesions. Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) and radial endobronchial ultrasound probe (R-EBUS) are new technologies used for the diagnosis of peripheral lung lesions. The aim of this study is to explore the application value of ENB combined with R-EBUS in the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions. Methods From September 2016 to November 2017, eighteen patients with thirty peripheral pulmonary lesions in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were enrolled. The ENB was performed on these patients who were detected peripheral lung lesions by chest HR-CT. After successful navigation, the lesion's location was confirmed by R-EBUS, and specimens were acquired by needle aspiration, endoscopic cell brush and biopsy forceps. Results A total of eighteen patients with thirty lesions were enrolled in this study, the navigation success rate was 100%, the positive rate was 90%. The mean operation time was (95.61±28.74) min, and navigation time for each lesion was (25.90±11.29) min, and pneumothorax was observed in 1 case. Conclusions ENB combined with R-EBUS for the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions is safe and effective. This technique is worth promoting.

Diagnostic Utility of Electromagnetic Navigation Bronchoscopy Combined with Radial Probe Endobronchial Ultrasound in Peripheral Pulmonary Lesions

Growth mechanism and kinetics of Cu3Sn in the interfacial reaction between liquid Sn and diversely oriented Cu substrates

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