Bruceine-D inhibits HIF-1α-mediated glucose metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma by blocking ICAT/β-catenin interaction

For decades, common chemotherapeutic drugs have been established to trigger apoptosis, the preferred immunologically "silent" form of cell death. The primary objective of this review was to show that various FDA-approved chemotherapeutic drugs, including cisplatin, cyclosporine, doxorubicin, etoposide, 5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine, paclitaxel, or vinblastine can trigger necroptosis and pyroptosis. We aimed to provide the advantages and disadvantages of the induction of the given type of cell death by chemotherapeutical agents. Moreover, we give a short overview of the molecular mechanism of each type of cell death and indicate the existing crosstalks between cell death types. Finally, we provide a comparison of cell death types to facilitate the exploration of cell death types induced by other chemotherapeutical agents. Understanding the cell death pathway induced by a drug can lessen side effects and assist the discovery of new combinations with synergistic effects and low systemic toxicity. 

Apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis as alternative cell death pathways induced by chemotherapeutic agents?

From immunology to artificial intelligence: revolutionizing latent tuberculosis infection diagnosis with machine learning

BACKGROUND
The use of Artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare has grown exponentially with the promise of facilitating biomedical research and enhancing diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, disease prevention and healthcare delivery. We aim to examine the current state, limitations, and future directions of AI in thyroidology.


SUMMARY
AI has been explored in thyroidology since the 1990s, and currently, there is an increasing interest in applying AI to improve the care of patients with thyroid nodules, thyroid cancer, and functional or autoimmune thyroid disease. These applications aim to automate processes, improve the accuracy and consistency of diagnosis, personalize treatment, decrease the burden for healthcare professionals, improve access to specialized care in areas lacking expertise, deepen the understanding of subtle pathophysiologic patterns, and accelerate the learning curve of less experienced clinicians. There are promising results for many of these applications. Yet, most are in the validation or early clinical evaluation stages. Only a few are currently adopted for risk stratification of thyroid nodules by ultrasound and determination of the malignant nature of indeterminate thyroid nodules by molecular testing. Challenges of the currently available AI applications include the lack of prospective and multicenter validations and utility studies, small and low diversity of training datasets, differences in data sources, lack of explainability, unclear clinical impact, inadequate stakeholder engagement, and inability to use outside of the research setting which might limit the value of their future adoption.


CONCLUSION
AI has the potential to improve many aspects of thyroidology; however, addressing the limitations affecting the suitability of AI interventions in thyroidology is a prerequisite to ensure AI provides added value for patients with thyroid disease.

Artificial Intelligence in Thyroidology: A Narrative Review of the Current Applications, Associated Challenges, and Future Directions.

Abstract Purpose This systematic review updates the MASCC/ESMO recommendations for high-emetic-risk chemotherapy (HEC) published in 2016–2017. HEC still includes cisplatin, carmustine, dacarbazine, mechlorethamine, streptozocin, and cyclophosphamide in doses of &gt; 1500 mg/m 2 and the combination of cyclophosphamide and an anthracycline (AC) in women with breast cancer. Methods A systematic review report following the PRISMA guidelines of the literature from January 1, 2015, until February 1, 2023, was performed. PubMed (Ovid), Scopus (Google), and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched. The literature search was limited to randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Results Forty-six new references were determined to be relevant. The main topics identified were (1) steroid-sparing regimens, (2) olanzapine-containing regimens, and (3) other issues such as comparisons of antiemetics of the same drug class, intravenous NK 1 receptor antagonists, and potentially new antiemetics. Five updated recommendations are presented. Conclusion There is no need to prescribe steroids (dexamethasone) beyond day 1 after AC HEC, whereas a 4-day regimen is recommended in non-AC HEC. Olanzapine is now recommended as a fixed part of a four-drug prophylactic antiemetic regimen in both non-AC and AC HEC. No major differences between 5-HT 3 receptor antagonists or between NK 1 receptor antagonists were identified. No new antiemetic agents qualified for inclusion in the updated recommendations. 

2023 updated MASCC/ESMO consensus recommendations: prevention of nausea and vomiting following high-emetic-risk antineoplastic agents

http://www.cell.com/article/S2405844023043402/pdf

Experience in the diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia caused by infection with Tropheryma whipplei: A case series

ESAT6-CFP10 (EC) skin test has been reported accurate and safe in identifying tuberculosis infection. We aimed to demonstrate the safety of EC skin test compared with tuberculin skin test (TST) in university freshmen.We conducted a double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical study in a university freshmen population with 16,680 participates in China, and finally 14,579 completed the study. About a half received an EC skin test and the others received TST. Adverse reactions were evaluated.Out of the 14,579 participants, 48.2% (7029/14,579) were males. The average age was 18.1 ± 0.8 years and the average BMI was 20.9 ± 3.1 kg/m2. 50.4% (7351/14,579) participants received EC skin test and 49.6% (7228/14,579) received TST. The EC group had significantly less adverse reactions compared with the TST group (21.3%, 1565/7351 vs. 34.6%, 2499/7228, P = 0.000). The most common adverse reactions for EC were bleeding (5.63%, 414), dermatodyschroia (4.27%, 314), induration (3.90%, 287), swelling (2.49%, 183), pain (1.59%, 117) and pruritus (1.48%, 109). Bleeding, dermatodyschroia, swelling and erythema were significantly less in EC group (P < 0.05), while others were similar to those of TST.the EC skin test was safe in our cohort. And its incidence of total adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is less than that of TST. Most adverse reactions were mild or moderate, lasting less than 48 h and self-limiting. Considering the satisfactory diagnostic accuracy in identifying tuberculosis infection, the cost and safety, the EC skin test might be a potential candidate for replacing TST in high burden countries or those with routine BCG vaccination.ChiCTR2000038622, Safety of the EC skin test to screen tuberculosis infection in two universities, compared with the tuberculin skin test: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. registered on 26/09/2020 at http://www.chictr.org.cn . 

https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12879-022-07765-w

Safety of a Novel ESAT6-CFP10 skin test compared with tuberculin skin test in a double-blind, randomized, controlled study

Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease, is often characterized by persistent morning stiffness, joint pain, and swelling. Early diagnosis and timely treatment of RA can effectively delay the progression of the condition and significantly reduce the incidence of disability. In the study, we explored the function of pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) in the diagnosis and classification of rheumatoid arthritis based on Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. Method We downloaded the GSE93272 dataset from the GEO database, which contains 35 healthy controls and 67 RA patients. Firstly, the GSE93272 was normalized by the R software “limma” package. Then, we screened PRGs by SVM-RFE, LASSO, and RF algorithms. To further investigate the prevalence of RA, we established a nomogram model. Besides, we grouped gene expression profiles into two clusters and explored their relationship with infiltrating immune cells. Finally, we analyzed the relationship between the two clusters and the cytokines. Result CHMP3, TP53, AIM2, NLRP1, and PLCG1 were identified as PRGs. The nomogram model revealed that decision-making based on established model might be beneficial for RA patients, and the predictive power of the nomogram model was significant. In addition, we identified two different pyroptosis patterns (pyroptosis clusters A and B) based on the 5 PRGs. We found that eosinophil, gamma delta T cell, macrophage, natural killer cell, regulatory T cell, type 17 T helper cell, and type 2 T helper cell were significant high expressed in cluster B. And, we identified gene clusters A and B based on 56 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between pyroptosis cluster A and B. And we calculated the pyroptosis score for each sample to quantify the different patterns. The patients in pyroptosis cluster B or gene cluster B had higher pyroptosis scores than those in pyroptosis cluster A or gene cluster A. Conclusion In summary, PRGs play vital roles in the development and occurrence of RA. Our findings might provide novel views for the immunotherapy strategies with RA.

/pdf/significance-of-pyroptosis-related-gene-in-the-diagnosis-and-1zbec2i1.pdf

Significance of pyroptosis-related gene in the diagnosis and classification of rheumatoid arthritis

Efficacy and safety of Brucea javanica oil emulsion for liver cancer: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

Quality of life, anxiety and depression symptoms in living related kidney donors: a cross‑sectional study.

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