A comprehensive review of 1411 new MNPs and their structural diversity analysis and including the cyanobacterial metabolite lezoside. 

Marine natural products.

Design, synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of marine phidianidine derivatives as potential anti-inflammatory agents.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an ongoing, risky, and costly health problem that therefore always requires new treatment options. Moreover, although several drugs are available, only 36% of patients achieve glycaemic control, and patient adherence is a major obstacle. With monotherapy, T2DM and its comorbidities/complications often cannot be managed, and the concurrent administration of several hypoglycaemic drugs is required, which increases the risk of side effects. In fact, despite the efficacy of the drugs currently on the market, they generally come with serious side effects. Therefore, scientific research must always be active in the discovery of new therapeutic agents. Discussion: The present review highlights some of the recent discoveries regarding marine natural products that can modulate the various targets that have been identified as crucial in the establishment of T2DM disease and its complications, with a focus on the compounds isolated from marine invertebrates. The activities of these metabolites are illustrated and discussed. Objectives. The paper aims to capture the relevant evidence of the great chemical diversity of marine natural products as a key tool that can advance understanding in the T2DM research field, as well as in antidiabetic drug discovery. The variety of chemical scaffolds highlighted by the natural hits provides not only a source of chemical probes for the study of specific targets involved in the onset of T2DM, but is also a helpful tool for the development of drugs that are capable of acting via novel mechanisms. Thus, it lays the foundation for the design of multiple ligands that can overcome the drawbacks of polypharmacology.

Natural Bioactive Compounds from Marine Invertebrates That Modulate Key Targets Implicated in the Onset of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Its Complications

Antiproliferation effects of Clavularia-derived natural products against cancer cells have been reported on, but most studies have focused on identifying bioactive compounds, lacking a detailed investigation of the molecular mechanism. Crude extracts generally exhibit multiple targeting potentials for anticancer effects, but they have rarely been assessed for methanol extracts of Clavularia inflata (MECI). This investigation aims to evaluate the antiproliferation of MECI and to examine several potential mechanisms between oral cancer and normal cells. A 24 h MTS assay demonstrated that MECI decreased cell viability in several oral cancer cell lines more than in normal cells. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an oxidative stress inhibitor, recovered these antiproliferation effects. Higher oxidative stress was stimulated by MECI in oral cancer cells than in normal cells, as proven by examining reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial superoxide. This preferential induction of oxidative stress was partly explained by downregulating more cellular antioxidants, such as glutathione, in oral cancer cells than in normal cells. Consequently, the MECI-generated high oxidative stress in oral cancer cells was preferred to trigger more subG1 population, apoptosis expression (annexin V and caspase activation), and DNA damage, reverted by NAC. In conclusion, MECI is a potent marine natural product showing preferential antiproliferation against oral cancer cells.

/pdf/methanol-extract-of-clavularia-inflata-exerts-apoptosis-and-5k5ty5b7.pdf

Methanol Extract of Clavularia inflata Exerts Apoptosis and DNA Damage to Oral Cancer Cells

As currently the most common metabolic disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has shown a continuous increase in the number of patients in recent decades. Most anti-T2DM drugs tend to cause some side effects. Given the pathogenesis of T2DM, natural products have emerged as an important source of anti-T2DM drugs. This article reviews natural products with potential hypoglycemic activity from 2019 to 2023. A total of 200 previously natural products were discovered on SciFinder, PubMed and Web of Science. These products were categorized based on their structural frameworks and their biological activities were summarized. Although the mechanisms of action of most compounds are unclear, these compounds could still serve as candidates for the development of lead compounds. Therefore, further structure and activity research of natural products will significantly contribute to the development of potential anti-T2DM drugs. 

Natural products with potential hypoglycemic activity in T2DM: 2019-2023.

Twelve new members (1–12) of the dolabellane family, co-occurring with three related known diterpenoids (13–15), were isolated from the Xisha soft coral Clavularia viridis. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis, modified Mosher’s method, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Clavuperoxylides A (3) and B (4) represent the first examples of dolabellanes containing peroxyl groups, especially the novel peroxide bridge in 4, whereas clavufuranolides A–C (9–11) are the first example of dolabellane diterpenoids comprising a tetrahydrofuran ring. The possible biogenetic relationship of all the isolates was proposed. In bioassay, several compounds exhibited considerable cytotoxicity against A549 and P388 cell lines. Compound 7 exhibited inhibitory activity against protein tyrosine phosphatases 1B (PTP1B), an anti-diabetic target, representing the first report of PTP1B inhibitory activity for dolabellane diterpenoids.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8792939

Dolabellane Diterpenoids from the Xisha Soft Coral Clavularia viridis

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Dolabellane Diterpenoids from the Xisha Soft Coral Clavularia viridis