Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques

Background: Participation is often defined as taking part and being included in different areas of life. Leisure represents an important area of life for all people. People with disabilities have the right to experience leisure time in a self-determined manner. They have the right to participate in leisure activities on an equal basis with others. Due to various influencing factors, people with intellectual disabilities, especially those with severe to profound intellectual disabilities, are at risk of decreased participation. This is alarming because participation in leisure activities reflects quality of life. Purpose: The present study aims to review the empirical findings on leisure participation and its influencing factors in people with mild to moderate disabilities as compared to people with severe to profound intellectual disabilities. Method: A scoping review following the PRISMA-ScR checklist by Cochrane and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) was conducted to examine research studies published in peer-reviewed journals between 2000 and 2022. The studies that were included relate to activities within the everyday leisure time of people with intellectual disabilities, regardless of age, gender, or severity of their cognitive disability. The categories of vacation and tourism were excluded so as to focus on everyday leisure. The sample was screened by two reviewers independently. In total, 27 articles met the inclusion criteria, with 21 articles referring to people with a mild to moderate intellectual disability and only six articles referring to people with a severe to profound intellectual disability. The evidence was summarized with a predefined standardized charting form, which was used by the two reviewers. Results: The results show that participation in leisure activities by people with intellectual disabilities can be limited, especially for those with severe to profound intellectual disabilities. This contradicts the guiding principle and human rights of inclusion and self-determination. Their participation in leisure time is extremely dependent on external factors, such as support people, leisure time availability, and form of living. Passive activities at home are often provided for people with severe to profound intellectual disabilities in particular; therefore, the need for interactive and self-determined leisure opportunities in the community is enormous. Various factors influencing leisure participation can be identified. Implications: The findings of this scoping review can be used to consider intervention, support, and barriers to enhancing leisure participation among people with disabilities as an important area of life.

/pdf/participation-in-everyday-leisure-and-its-influencing-35j1thj0.pdf

Participation in Everyday Leisure and Its Influencing Factors for People with Intellectual Disabilities: A Scoping Review of the Empirical Findings

Brief Report: Family Recreation for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder

O nível de atividade física de crianças e adolescentes com deficiência física é menor do que crianças sem deficiência, e isso pode estar relacionado ao seu comprometimento motor. A participação nestas atividades pode ter impacto na qualidade de vida. O objetivo desse estudo foi comparar o nível de atividade física e a qualidade de vida de crianças e adolescentes com deficiência física em relação a idade, sexo e diagnóstico. Participaram 21 crianças e adolescentes com deficiência física, com idade entre 8 e 18 anos, matriculados em escola regular de ensino, e seus responsáveis. Foram utilizados instrumentos padronizados: Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C), Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A) e KIDSCREEN-52 versão de preenchimento das crianças/adolescentes e versão de preenchimento dos responsáveis. Foram realizados testes não paramétricos para análise estatística. Dados estatisticamente significativos foram encontrados para algumas dimensões da qualidade de vida: 1) quanto ao sexo: “autopercepção” segundo a opinião dos pais/responsáveis; 2) quanto à idade: “autopercepção” no autorrelato, “sentimentos”, “autopercepção”, “amigos e apoio social”, “ambiente escolar” sob o ponto de vista dos pais/responsáveis, e na análise geral da qualidade de vida tanto no autorrelato quanto na versão dos pais/responsáveis; 3) quanto ao diagnóstico: “autopercepção” na versão das crianças/adolescentes e na versão dos pais/responsáveis. Conclui-se que as crianças e adolescentes com deficiência física apresentam baixos níveis de atividade física e níveis médios de percepção de qualidade de vida, sendo que as próprias crianças/adolescentes com deficiência física possuem melhor percepção sobre sua qualidade de vida do que seus pais/responsáveis.

Comparação Do Nível De Atividade Física E Qualidade De Vida De Crianças E Adolescentes Com Deficiência Física

Research indicates that engaging in leisure activities has a positive effect on the wellbeing, development, and quality of life of children and young people with disabilities. However, there appears to be limited literature focusing on the participation of children and young people with a sensory loss in leisure activities and few studies which have gathered data from children and young people. To address this gap, this study explores the perspectives of children and young people with a sensory loss (visual impairment and/or deaf) about opportunities to participate in leisure activities with other children/young people and their experiences. The research was conducted in one locality in Scotland. Sixteen children and young people with a sensory loss from primary and secondary schools participated in four virtual focus groups. Findings revealed that the participants enjoyed having opportunities to be with other children outwith the school context. Psychosocial benefits from participation in leisure activities with other children with a sensory loss included feelings of not being alone and of being understood. Findings emphasised the lack of opportunities for children and young people with a sensory loss to engage in leisure activities in the community as well as barriers and facilitators to participation, such as communication. The study highlights the importance of increasing societal awareness of the needs of individuals with sensory loss and providing opportunities to engage in leisure activities in accessible environments. 

pdf/perspectives-of-children-and-young-people-with-a-sensory-3b1xrn6vz0.pdf

Perspectives of children and young people with a sensory loss: opportunities and experiences of engagement in leisure activities

The term “policy” describes both decisions and the management processes to implement them. The purpose of this study is to review policies regarding leisure activities for youths with disabilities. In many Western countries, this policy is explicit and work is being carried out to implement it. This article presents a case study carried out in Israel, which upholds the Special Education Law established in 1988 (and last amended in 2014) and where the rights of youths with disabilities are recognized and addressed within the formal education system. In an attempt to examine non-formal education policies regarding leisure activities for young people with disabilities in Israel, we interviewed 18 officials who are responsible, either directly or indirectly, for planning and carrying out leisure activities for this population. Participants were asked about the need for leisure activities for youths with disabilities and the available options that exist. The findings indicate disparity between particip...

Setting policies regarding leisure activities for youths with disabilities: who will accept this mission?

The participation of children with disabilities in leisure activities is more limited than that of their peers without disabilities, despite the recognised social and emotional benefits derived fro...

Implementation and Organisation of Leisure Activities for Children with Disabilities: Coping with Difficulties

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Setting policies regarding leisure activities for youths with disabilities: who will accept this mission?

Implementation and Organisation of Leisure Activities for Children with Disabilities: Coping with Difficulties