Improvement of brain–computer interface in motor imagery training through the designing of a dynamic experiment and FBCSP

The aim of this study was to develop a real-time automatic attendance system (AAS) based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology and facial recognition. A Raspberry Pi camera built into a Raspberry Pi 3B is used to transfer facial images to a cloud server. Face detection and recognition libraries are implemented on this cloud server, which thus can handle all the processes involved with the automatic recording of student attendance. In addition, this study proposes the application of data serialization processing and adaptive tolerance vis-à-vis Euclidean distance. The facial features encountered are processed using data serialization before they are saved in the SQLite database; such serialized data can easily be written and then read back from the database. When examining the differences between the facial features already stored in the SQLite databases and any new facial features, the proposed adaptive tolerance system can improve the performance of the facial recognition method applying Euclidean distance. The results of this study show that the proposed AAS can recognize multiple faces and so record attendance automatically. The AAS proposed in this study can assist in the detection of students who attempt to skip classes without the knowledge of their teachers. The problem of students being unintentionally marked present, though absent, and the problem of proxies is also resolved.

/pdf/the-application-of-adaptive-tolerance-and-serialized-facial-19l2es7c.pdf

The Application of Adaptive Tolerance and Serialized Facial Feature Extraction to Automatic Attendance Systems

Graph convolutional networks (GCNs), which extend convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to non-Euclidean structures, have been utilized to promote skeleton-based human action recognition research and have made substantial progress in doing so. However, there are still some challenges in the construction of recognition models based on GCNs. In this paper, we propose an enhanced adjacency matrix-based graph convolutional network with a combinatorial attention mechanism (CA-EAMGCN) for skeleton-based action recognition. Firstly, an enhanced adjacency matrix is constructed to expand the model’s perceptive field of global node features. Secondly, a feature selection fusion module (FSFM) is designed to provide an optimal fusion ratio for multiple input features of the model. Finally, a combinatorial attention mechanism is devised. Specifically, our spatial-temporal (ST) attention module and limb attention module (LAM) are integrated into a multi-input branch and a mainstream network of the proposed model, respectively. Extensive experiments on three large-scale datasets, namely the NTU RGB+D 60, NTU RGB+D 120 and UAV-Human datasets, show that the proposed model takes into account both requirements of light weight and recognition accuracy. This demonstrates the effectiveness of our method.

Enhanced Adjacency Matrix-Based Lightweight Graph Convolution Network for Action Recognition

Sparse Representation-based Classification (SRC) has been seen to be a reliable Face Recognition technique. The ℓ1 Bayesian based on the Lasso algorithm has proven to be most effective in class identification and computation complexity. In this paper, we revisit classification algorithm and then recommend the group-based classification. The proposed modified algorithm, which is called as Group Class Residual Sparse Representation-based Classification (GCR-SRC), extends the coherency of the test sample to the whole training samples of the identified class rather than only to the nearest one of the training samples. Our method is based on the nearest coherency between a test sample and the identified training samples. To reduce the dimension of the training samples, we choose random projection for feature extraction. This method is selected to reduce the computational cost without increasing the algorithm’s complexity. From the simulation result, the reduction factor (ρ) 64 can achieve a maximum recognition rate about 10% higher than the SRC original using the downscaling method. Our proposed method’s feasibility and effectiveness are tested on four popular face databases, namely AT&T, Yale B, Georgia Tech, and AR Dataset. GCR-SRC and GCR-RP-SRC achieved up to 4% more accurate than SRC random projection with class-specific residuals. The experiment results show that the face recognition technology based on random projection and group-class-based not only reduces the dimension of the face data but also increases the recognition accuracy, indicating that it is a feasible method for face recognition.

/pdf/group-class-residual-1-minimization-on-random-projection-202tw4qj.pdf

Group Class Residual ℓ1-Minimization on Random Projection Sparse Representation Classifier for Face Recognition

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) are experiencing higher levels of automation, facilitated by the synergy among various sensors integrated within vehicles, thereby forming an Internet of Things (IoT) framework. Among these sensors, cameras have emerged as valuable tools for detecting driver fatigue and distraction. This study introduces HYDE-F, a Head Pose Estimation (HPE) system exclusively utilizing depth cameras. HYDE-F adeptly identifies critical driver head poses associated with risky conditions, thus enhancing the safety of IoT-enabled ADAS. The core of HYDE-F’s innovation lies in its dual-process approach: it employs a fractal encoding technique and keypoint intensity analysis in parallel. These two processes are then fused using an optimization algorithm, enabling HYDE-F to blend the strengths of both methods for enhanced accuracy. Evaluations conducted on a specialized driving dataset, Pandora, demonstrate HYDE-F’s competitive performance compared to existing methods, surpassing current techniques in terms of average Mean Absolute Error (MAE) by nearly 1°. Moreover, case studies highlight the successful integration of HYDE-F with vehicle sensors. Additionally, HYDE-F exhibits robust generalization capabilities, as evidenced by experiments conducted on standard laboratory-based HPE datasets, i.e., Biwi and ICT-3DHP databases, achieving an average MAE of 4.9° and 5°, respectively.

IoT-enabled Biometric Security: Enhancing Smart Car Safety with Depth-based Head Pose Estimation

AGCNNs: Attention-guided convolutional neural networks for infrared head pose estimation in assisted driving system

ISRToken: Learning similarities Tokens for precise infrared spectrum recognition model via Transformer

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AGCNNs: Attention-guided convolutional neural networks for infrared head pose estimation in assisted driving system

ISRToken: Learning similarities Tokens for precise infrared spectrum recognition model via Transformer