This work explores the dependability tradeoffs provided by the most common types of central power plants in the United States. Historically, the electricity sector has lacked consensus on how reliability, resilience, and vulnerability differ and how those metrics change depending on the power plant fleet composition. We propose distinct definitions for these metrics and an analytical framework to evaluate power plant fleet dependability. Using data analysis and literature review, we identify fifteen dependability attributes across which we rank eleven power plant types relative to natural gas combined-cycle (NGCC) plants. We use NGCC as the benchmark because it is common to many locations and is of relatively recent vintage. The framework shows that each power plant type has unique dependability benefits and drawbacks. We provide examples of how researchers may use the framework to evaluate grid dependability qualitatively under different scenarios. We find that assuming all attributes that contribute to grid dependability are equally important and additive, electric grid dependability is best supported when power plant fleets include a mixture of power generation technologies. Then, we discuss scenario characteristics that could alter the prioritization and relationships of attributes. We also find that if current capacity installation trends continue to favor low- and zero-carbon power plants, US power grids may benefit from increased resilience and reduced vulnerability at the cost of decreased reliability. We conclude by recommending methods for adapting the framework and quantifying relationships between attributes in individual scenarios.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2516-1083/abf636/pdf

How different power plant types contribute to electric grid reliability, resilience, and vulnerability: a comparative analytical framework

This document highlights areas of potential community resilience improvements, especially those that relate to clean energy deployment for communities and municipalities. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) defines resilience as "a system's ability to anticipate, prepare for, and adapt to changing conditions and withstand, respond to, and recover rapidly from disruptions through sustainable, adaptable, and holistic planning and technical solutions." This document introduces 10 categories of resilience-enhancing projects at a high level, intended for community members and decision-makers new to the topic to build their understanding of which solutions fit their community best. These categories focus primarily on community-scale measures and different options may be available at larger scales. Full implementation of the measures described here requires in-depth, site-specific considerations that go beyond the scope of this document. 

Community Resilience Options: A Menu for Enhancing Local Energy Resilience

/pdf/the-role-of-distributed-energy-resources-in-distribution-130osvg4.pdf

The Role of Distributed Energy Resources in Distribution System Restoration

Ensuring Resilient Operations of Solar-Plus-Storage Community Resilience Hubs

/pdf/will-solar-panels-help-when-the-power-goes-out-planning-for-1tc0aq3yap.pdf

Will Solar Panels Help When the Power Goes Out? Planning for PV Resilience

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Will Solar Panels Help When the Power Goes Out? Planning for PV Resilience