First evidence of metal transfer into hydrophobic deep eutectic and low-transition-temperature mixtures: indium extraction from hydrochloric and oxalic acids

Uranium solvent extraction (SX) from aqueous acidic solutions is reviewed. First the uranium availability in earth as well as resources, mining and production reports is presented and followed by SX basic flowsheet and various important stages. Extraction, scrubbing, stripping and finally solvent equilibrium are presented in a flow-sheet form. The second half of the review discusses the various extractants used for uranium extraction and separation from acidic solutions. The extractants are divided in four types: 1) nitrogen-based extractants, 2) phosphorous-based extractants, 3) sulfur-based extractants, and 4) other extractants. Nitrogen-based extractants cover predominantly the amides and amines functional group containing extractants. The phosphorous-based extractants: tri-butyl-phosphate (TBP), di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA), 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl (PC88A), tri-n-octyl-phosphine oxide (TOPO or Cyanex 923) and bis(2,4,4-trimethyl pentyl) phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272) ...

A Brief Review on Solvent Extraction of Uranium from Acidic Solutions

Recovery of uranium(VI) from acidic wastes using tri-n-octylphosphine oxide and sodium carbonate based liquid membranes

The unique physical and chemical properties of room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) have recently received increasing attention as solvent alternatives for possible application in the field of nuclear industry, particularly in liquid-liquid separations of radioactive nuclides. We investigated solvent extraction of U(VI) from aqueous solutions into a commonly used ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C(4)mim][NTf2]) using trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) as an extractant. The effects of contact time, TOPO concentration, acidity, and nitrate ions on the U(VI) extraction are discussed in detail. The extraction mechanism was proposed based on slope analysis and UV-Vis measurement. The results clearly show that TOPO/[C(4)mim][NTf2] provides a highly efficient extraction of U(VI) from aqueous solution under near-neutral conditions. When the TOPO concentration was 10 mmol/L, the extraction of 1 mmol/L U(VI) was almost complete (> 97%). Both the extraction efficiency and distribution coefficient were much larger than in conventional organic solvents such as dichloromethane. Slope analysis confirmed that three TOPO molecules in [C(4)mim][NTf2] bound with one U(VI) ion and one nitrate ion was also involved in the complexation and formed the final extracted species of [UO2(NO3)(TOPO)(3)](+). Such a complex suggests that extraction occurs by a cation-exchange mode, which was subsequently evidenced by the fact that the concentration of C(4)mim(+) in the aqueous phase increased linearly with the extraction percent of U(VI) recorded by UV-Vis measurement.

Solvent extraction of U(VI) by trioctylphosphine oxide using a room-temperature ionic liquid

The present scientific study on uranium(VI) solvent extraction and vanadium(V) separation from sulfate solutions using Alamine 336 as an extractant diluted in kerosene was established. The preliminary experiments indicating the uranium extraction process will follow the solvation as well as ion-exchange mechanisms. In the present acid region (0.1–1.0 mol dm−3 H2SO4) it showing the ion-exchange type mechanism. Time (1–120 min) and temperature (25–55 °C) not influencing the present extraction system. Other experimental parameters like loading capacity of Alamine 336, stripping of uranium from loaded organic phase, recycling of Alamine 336 and separation of uranium(VI)/vanadium(V) was studied.

Solvent extraction of uranium(VI) and separation of vanadium(V) from sulfate solutions using Alamine 336

The extraction of uranium (VI) from hydrochloric acid medium with PC-88A (H2A2 in dimeric form) and neutral organo phosphorous donors like TBP, TOPO and Cyanex 923 (S) in dodecane is reported. Experiments were performed with PC-88A, TOPO and Cyanex 923 alone and with the mixtures of PC-88A with TBP, TOPO or Cyanex 923. The presence of neutral donors in PC-88A solutions gave synergistic enhancement in the extraction of uranium (VI), the order being Cyanex 923>TOPO>TBP. The species extracted with PC-88A alone is UO2(HA2)2, whereas with TOPO or Cyanex 923 alone, it is UO2Cl2·2S and with the synergistic mixtures it is UO2(HA2)2·S. The power dependencies of S and PC-88A under experimental conditions have also been evaluated using non-linear regression analysis. The equilibrium constants of synergistic extraction have been calculated and the mechanism of the extraction is discussed. The effect of different organic diluents on uranium (VI) extraction with PC-88A has also been examined.

Synergistic extraction of U(VI) with mixtures of 2-ethyl hexyl phosphonic acid-mono-2-ethyl hexyl ester (PC-88A) and TBP, TOPO or Cyanex 923

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Synergistic extraction of U(VI) with mixtures of 2-ethyl hexyl phosphonic acid-mono-2-ethyl hexyl ester (PC-88A) and TBP, TOPO or Cyanex 923