In order to cope with today's market uncertainties, manufacturing is required to rapidly adapt and react to changes and unpredictable scenarios. These are currently among the main research and development topics in order to reveal new approaches and methodologies to achieve these goals. The Industrial Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) created the IEC 61499 (function block) standard. This standard proposes an open architecture for distributed industrial-process measurement and control systems (IPMCS). The IEC 61499 defines the basic concepts and methodology for the design of modular reusable distributable systems, and paves the way for the new reconfigurable and flexible manufacturing. This paper presents the development of a software tool (IEC 61499 application generator) that enables the deployment of IEC 61499 applications to scan-based embedded controllers. However, the IEC 61499 standard foundations rely on an event-based model. The paper describes an approach to implement an event-based architecture on a scan-based industrial controller.

AnIEC61499Application Generator forScan-Based Industrial Controllers

The International Electrotechnical Commission has defined the IEC61499 Function Block model to address the challenges in the development of industrial automation systems. It is an attempt to exploit in this domain successful software engineering practices such as component and model driven development. However, for the development of this kind of systems, which are characterized as Mechatronics, there is a need for an integrated framework that will address the synergistic integration of its constituent parts, i.e. mechanics, electronics and software. In this paper, the System Modeling Language (SysML) is adopted and a framework is proposed for the synergistic integration of the three disciplines. The IEC61499 is used to model the software part while the Modelica modeling language is used to model the mechanics. The Festo MPS example application is used as case study to illustrate the applicability of the proposed framework. The whole framework is considered as a realization of the Model Integrated Mechatronics (MIM) paradigm.

3+1 SysML view model for IEC61499 Function Block control systems

This paper presents a study about the timing behavior of software designed under the IEC 61499 standard. In particular, the effect of different event management strategies on the execution time of applications is analyzed. The study is focused on the closed loop control applications in which the controller algorithm is implemented according to the standard. In particular, the PID control algorithm is considered since it is a well known algorithm that is widely used in industry. The execution time of software implementing both single and multiple PID controllers are statistically characterized by means of an extensive experimental study. The results demonstrate that the timing behavior of the PID algorithms is strongly influenced by how the events are managed.

Evaluation of closed loop control applications using different event management strategies under IEC 61499

Benchmarks are quite important in PLC's CPU design, that laydown guidelines for the processor architecture design, the ability to measure and make tradeoffs in microarchitectural decisions. This paper presents benchmarking methodology for an industrial controller by developing and running standard application programs on controllers or runtime environments in the light of IEC-61131-3 programming standard in order to assess the controller's efficiency pertaining to Pakistan's industrial process control and automation needs.

Benchmarking industrial PLC & PAC: An approach to cost effective industrial automation

The use IEC 61499 (International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC) as a modelling language for distributed industrial process measurement control systems lacks formal syntax and explicit semantics and can hardly ensure reliability and validity of systems As the basic modelling elements in IEC 61499, syntax and semantics of basic function block (BFB) are specified informally and ambiguously Hence, the formal syntax and explicit semantics of BFB are advanced to achieve the behavioural consistency and correct results, in this article The formal syntax is defined by mathematical set theory and the explicit semantics are composed of two kinds of semantics: denotational and execution semantics The denotational semantics explain the meaning of language with an extended Mealy finite-state machines for the formal verification in a formal way The execution semantics provide execution rule and algorithm scheduling in the execution process and involve an input machine and the main part, in which input machine ma

Formal syntax and semantics of basic function blocks in IEC 61499

This paper presents a methodology for the characterization of an IEC 61499 runtime environment by use of a benchmarking procedure. Due to the usage of IEC 61499 for low-level control as well as the paradigm of application centered engineering1, it is necessary to describe the capability to execute IEC 61499 function block networks. There are two most characteristic items that need to be taken into consideration: the execution of a basic function block and the execution of function block network structures. The adaptability of the presented methodology is demonstrated on two different runtime implementations.

Benchmarking of IEC 61499 runtime environments

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Benchmarking of IEC 61499 runtime environments