Hepatitis B and C and renal failure.

The aim of this study was to analyze the association of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Egypt, using hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) as virus controls. In addition, the association of HCC with HCV RNA levels among persons seropositive for HCV was analyzed. We compared 131 patients with proven HCC, 247 with bladder cancer, and 466 healthy hospital employees. Age, sex, and place of residence were recorded to study confounding factors. Among the healthy controls, 16% were seropositive for HCV, 21% for HBV, and 31% for HEV. When healthy controls were age-matched with HCC patients, the latter were significantly (P < 0.001) more often HCV seropositive (67%) than were the controls (30%). The seropositivity for HBV and HEV did not differ significantly in frequency between the two groups. The seropositivity for HCV was also significantly (P < 0.001) more often found in HCC patients (76%) than in BC patients (47%), with seroprevalences for HBV and HEV not differing significantly in these age-matched groups. In HBV-negative HCC and bladder cancer patients, seroprevalence for HCV was significantly (P = 0.002) higher in HCC patients (68%) than in bladder cancer patients (36%). This difference was even more pronounced (P < 0.001) in HBV-positive HCC and bladder cancer patients (78% versus 52%, respectively). Of HCV-seropositive individuals, 49% were HCV RNA positive by branched DNA assay, and of these, 96% were infected by HCV genotype 4. No correlation between HCV RNA load and seropositivity of HBV or age or disease state was found. Infection with HCV and HCV-HBV double infection, but not HBV or HEV infection alone, is strongly correlated with HCC in Egypt.

Hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptians with and without a history of hepatitis B virus infection: association with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection but not with (HCV) RNA level.

Chronic hepatitis B virus infection in renal transplant recipients

Chronic liver infections related to hepatitis B and C viruses are a common problem in renal transplant patients with a prevalence of 1.5 to 50% in different countries. There is no uniform agreement regarding their influence on the incidence of acute rejection, graft outcome and survival of renal transplant patients. We retrospectively evaluated the influence of antiHBc, antiHCV and HBsAg positive status; gender; age over 50 years of age at the time of transplantation; pre and postransplantation alaninaminotransferase (ALT) elevation; acute rejection; type of graft; number of transplants; and maintenance and induction immunosuppression treatment on the incidence of acute rejection and both graft and patient survival in the population transplanted in our center between 1991 and 1998. The univariate analysis showed that antiHCV, HBsAg and antiHBc status, more than one renal transplant and one or more episodes of acute rejection were associated with diminished graft survival; and being over the age of 50 at the time of transplantation was also associated with diminished patient survival. In the multivariate analysis HBsAg positive and one or more episodes of rejection were associated with a diminished graft survival, and none of the variables studied was associated with diminished patient survival. In conclusion antiHCV and HBsAg positive status was associated with an increased risk of losing the transplanted kidney, and HBsAg positivity was associated with an increased risk of death, but this was not a statistically significant association.

/pdf/hbsag-as-predictor-of-outcome-in-renal-transplant-patients-3s68y9fv0z.pdf

HBsAg as predictor of outcome in renal transplant patients.

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the prevalence and incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, the clinical features and natural history of hepatitis C, and recommendations for management and therapy in patients with renal disease, patients on chronic dialysis, and patients undergoing renal transplantation. Using second-generation EIA assays, the prevalence of anti-HCV among patients participating in the 1997 National Surveillance of Dialysis Associated Diseases in the United States was 9.3 %. The causes and source of infection in patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis are multiple. Before the introduction of routine screening of blood donors for anti-HCV, blood transfusions were an important risk factor for the acquisition of hepatitis C. Other potential sources of infection include exposure to contaminated equipment and nosocomial routes such as patient-to-patient exposure. The risk of infection appears to correlate with the duration of hemodialysis and the number of transfusions. Interestingly, dialysate and buffers have been shown to be virus free even when used in hepatitis C-infected patients. The impact of hepatitis C infection on morbidity and mortality of patients with end-stage renal disease remains poorly defined. Initial studies have failed to show a significant increase in mortality among HCV-infected hemodialysis or renal transplant patients within the first 5 years following transplantation.

17 Hepatitis C and renal disease

Comparison of isolated infection by hepatitis C (HCV) or by hepatitis B (HBV) viruses and of coinfection by HCV-HBV in 1098 renal transplant patients

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Comparison of isolated infection by hepatitis C (HCV) or by hepatitis B (HBV) viruses and of coinfection by HCV-HBV in 1098 renal transplant patients