Multifunctional materials having simultaneous electrical and magnetic assembling have been attempted by numerous researchers for next-generation electronic appliances. Among such materials, rare earth metals containing double perovskites, such as La2BB′O6 (B = Ni, B′ = Mn) are the utmost studied materials. In this review, we have summarized various physicochemical aspects of La2NiMnO6 such as crystal structure, electrical, magnetic, and magneto-transport behavior from earlier studies under several experimental conditions. Magnetic field and temperature effects on magnetoelectric and electronic behavior of this material are described. We discuss how the morphology in the form of bulk phase, thin layer, and nanoparticles affect such physicochemical properties of this material. We also highlighted the role of cation order–disorder at ‘B’ sites and the probability of the resulting numerous electronic behavior in this type of material and expectation on basic understanding of Ni–O–Mn electronic, as well as magnetic properties. The prospective applications of this material over conventional substances in solar cells, electric tunable devices, biomolecular and gas sensing technologies are also ascribed. The motivation of the present review is to sum up all such behaviors of La2NiMnO6 to find its possible applications in new areas of material research and the directions of future works.

An overview of La2NiMnO6 double perovskites: synthesis, structure, properties, and applications

Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science AGH University of Science and Technology al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of St. Andrews St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9SS, Scotland, UK Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza 50009, Spain Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon, Universidad de Zaragoza (INA) Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza 50009, Spain Dedicated to Professor Józef SpaÃ lek on the occasion of his 60th birthday The results of a combined NMR, X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism study of the AA′FeMoO6 and AA′FeReO6 double perovskites are presented. They revealed a dependence of electronic and magnetic properties, including a d-electron transfer between Fe and Mo sites, on the structural tolerance factor. The maximum value of the 4d Mo electron occupation and the corresponding Mo moment is obtained for the tolerance factor of unity. This corresponds to the maximum strength of the magnetic interaction and, respectively, to the Curie temperature. The dominant T 5/2 type temperature dependence of the Mo hyperfine field reveals the half-metallicity of the AA′FeMoO6 compounds. Antisite defects and antiphase boundaries have been identified in NMR measurements and the strength of their magnetic coupling have been determined. A considerable orbital contribution to the Re and Fe magnetic moments were found in the NMR and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements on the AA′FeReO6 compounds. Its magnitude decreases with increasing structural tolerance factor and is correlated with their magnetic anisotropy.

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Local Magnetic and Electronic Properties of the A2FeM'O6 (A = Ba, Sr, Ca, M' = Mo, Re) Double Perovskites

X-ray absorption and magnetic circular dichroism characterization of Fe-doped TiO2−δ thin films

The Fe electronic structure and magnetism in (i) monoclinic Ca2FeReO6 with a metal-insulator transition at T-MI similar to 140 K and (ii) quasicubic half-metallic Ba2FeReO6 ceramic double perovskites are probed by soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). These materials show distinct Fe L-2,L-3 XAS and XMCD spectra, which are primarily associated with their different average Fe oxidation states (close to Fe3+ for Ca2FeReO6 and intermediate between Fe2+ and Fe3+ for Ba2FeReO6) despite being related by an isoelectronic (Ca2+/Ba2+) substitution. For Ca2FeReO6, the powder-averaged Fe spin moment along the field direction (B = 5 T), as probed by the XMCD experiment, is strongly reduced in comparison with the spontaneous Fe moment previously obtained by neutron diffraction, consistent with a scenario where the magnetic moments are constrained to remain within an easy plane. For B = 1 T, the unsaturated XMCD signal is reduced below T-MI consistent with a magnetic transition to an easy-axis state that further reduces the powder-averaged magnetization in the field direction. For Ba2FeReO6, the field-aligned Fe spins are larger than for Ca2FeReO6 (B = 5 T) and the temperature dependence of the Fe magnetic moment is consistent with the magnetic ordering transition at T-C(Ba) = 305 K. Our results illustrate the dramatic influence of the specific spin-orbital configuration of Re 5d electrons on the Fe 3d local magnetism of these Fe/Re double perovskites.

Electronic structure of Fe and magnetism in the 3d/5d double perovskites Ca2FeReO6 and Ba2FeReO6

La2NiMnO6 (P-LNMO) double perovskite composition is known to exhibit interesting ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties in the vicinity of room temperature. It is reported that the substitution of A-site i.e. La3+ or B-site i.e. Ni2+ was substituted to modify the ferromagnetic and ferroelectric properties of LNMO after substitution of La by Ba (A-LNMO) and/or Ni by Fe (B-LNMO). The parent and substituted LNMO synthesized by using hydroxide co-precipitation method and followed by ceramic synthesis at 1400 °C. The resulting compositions La2NiMnO6 (LNMO), La1.7Ba0.3NiMnO6 (A-LNMO), La2Ni0.7Fe0.3MnO6 (B-LNMO), La1.7Ba0.3Ni0.7Fe0.3MnO6 (A-B-LNMO) are studied for their crystal structure, Raman spectroscopy, M–T, M–H loop and dielectric spectroscopy. It is observed that the ferromagnetic transition of A-B-LNMO increases from 275 to 283 K.

Effects of partial site substitution on magnetic and dielectric behavior of La2NiMnO6 double perovskite

Electronic structures of La-doped Ba 2 FeMoO 6 double perovskite oxides have been investigated using photoemission spectroscopy and soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy. The ground states of Ba 2-x La x FeMoO 6 are found to be in the Fe 2+ -Fe 3+ mixed-valent states and the Fe valence state increases toward 3+ with increasing x. The states close to E F consist of the degenerate Mo-Fe t 2g ↓ states. The LSDA + U calculations for Ba 2-x La x FeMoO 6 (x = 0, 1) show a larger occupied bandwidth of the Mo t 2g ↓ states for x = 1 than for x = 0, which is consistent with the higher T C value predicted in a type of the double exchange mechanism.

Photoemission spectroscopy and x-ray absorption spectroscopy studies of double perovskite oxides: Ba2?xLaxFeMoO6

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Photoemission spectroscopy and x-ray absorption spectroscopy studies of double perovskite oxides: Ba2?xLaxFeMoO6