Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are a valuable horticultural crop that are grown and consumed worldwide. Optimal production is hindered by several factors, among which Verticillium dahliae, the cause of Verticillium wilt, is considered a major biological constraint in temperate production regions. V. dahliae is difficult to mitigate because it is a vascular pathogen, has a broad host range and worldwide distribution, and can persist in soil for years. Understanding pathogen virulence and genetic diversity, host resistance, and plant-pathogen interactions could ultimately inform the development of integrated strategies to manage the disease. In recent years, considerable research has focused on providing new insights into these processes, as well as the development and integration of environment-friendly management approaches. Here, we discuss the current knowledge on the race and population structure of V. dahliae, including pathogenicity factors, host genes, proteins, enzymes involved in defense, and the emergent management strategies and future research directions for managing Verticillium wilt in tomatoes.

Opportunities and Challenges in Studies of Host-Pathogen Interactions and Management of Verticillium dahliae in Tomatoes.

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a valuable horticultural crop grown and consumed worldwide. Optimum production is hindered by several factors of which Verticillium dahliae, the cause of Verticillium wilt, is one of the major biological constraints in temperate production regions. V. dahliae is difficult to manage because it is a vascular pathogen, has a broad host range and worldwide distribution, and can persist in soil for years. Understanding the pathogen virulence and genetic diversity, host resistance, and plant-pathogen interactions can ultimately inform the development of integrated strategies to manage the disease. In recent years, considerable research has focused on providing new insight into these processes as well as the development and integration of environment-friendly management approaches. In this review, we discuss and summarize the recent findings on the race and population structure of V. dahliae; pathogenicity factors; host genes, proteins, and enzymes involved in defense; the emergent management strategies, and recent approaches to managing Verticillium wilt in tomatoes. keywords: Tomato; Solanum Lycopersicon L.; Verticillium dahliae; plant-pathogen interactions; disease resistance; integrated disease management

https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202009.0748/v1/download

Opportunities and Challenges to Understand Host-Pathogen Interactions and Management of Verticillium dahliae on Tomato

Sclerotia of Wolfiporia hoelen are one of the most important traditional Chinese medicines and are commonly used in China, Japan, Korea, and other Asian countries. In the present study, we presented the first high-quality homokaryotic genome of W. hoelen with 14 chromosomes which was evaluated with assembly index, telomere position detection, and whole-genome collinearity. A 64.44 Mb genome was assembled with a Contig N50 length of 3.76 Mb. The imbalanced distribution of transposons and chromosome characters revealed the probable two-speed genome of W. hoelen. High consistency between methylation and transposon conserved the genome stability. The expansion of the gene family about signal transduction and nutritional transport has intimate relationships with sclerotial formation. Up-regulation of expression for distinctive decomposition enzymes, ROS clearance genes, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and change of the cell wall components maintained high-speed growth of mycelia that may be the high-temperature adaption strategy of W. hoelen. Further, the analysis of mating-control genes demonstrated that HD3 probably had no function on mating recognition, with the HD protein in a distant genetic with known species. Overall, the high-quality genome of W. hoelen provided crucial information for genome structure and stability, high-temperature adaption, and sexual and asexual process.

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/18/10484/pdf?version=1663119709

Homokaryotic High-Quality Genome Assembly of Medicinal Fungi Wolfiporia hoelen Reveals Auto-Regulation and High-Temperature Adaption of Probable Two-Speed Genome

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of transmembrane receptors in fungi These receptors have an important role in the transduction of extracellular signals into intracellular sites in response to diverse stimuli They enable fungi to coordinate cell function and metabolism, thereby promoting their survival and propagation, and sense certain fundamentally conserved elements, such as nutrients, pheromones, and stress, for adaptation to their niches, environmental stresses, and host environment, causing disease and pathogen virulence This chapter highlights the role of GPCRs in fungi in coordinating cell function and metabolism Fungal cells sense the molecular interactions between extracellular signals Their respective sensory systems are described here in detail

/pdf/g-protein-coupled-receptors-in-fungi-1cb1dhuoij.pdf

G-protein-coupled Receptors in Fungi

The two-speed genome of Verticillium dahliae mediates emergence of potent virulence factors

DNA methylation and chromatin architecture contribute to pathogenic fungal genome organization and adaptation

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The two-speed genome of Verticillium dahliae mediates emergence of potent virulence factors

DNA methylation and chromatin architecture contribute to pathogenic fungal genome organization and adaptation