Shape memory polymers (SMPs) have received immense attention from materials research community thanks to their unrivaled properties such as high recoverable strains (up to 400%), low weight, tailorable properties, easy processing, and multiple activation methods. Researchers in both academia and industry have been proposing, experimenting, analyzing, and reporting on various aspects of these materials from synthesis to their applications. Such efforts have led to skyrocketing research output in terms of published papers, especially in the last half a decade. Despite the flourishing research, numerous challenges that hinder advanced applications still exist with the predominant one being the low mechanical properties. To circumvent these challenges, various types of reinforcements have been utilized, leading to significant enhancements and widened potential applications. This work presents an overview of the present research on active composites. Areas covered include the background of SMPs, reinforcements, fabrication techniques, stimulus methods, and applications. Our review is particularly unique in that we included discussions on the various fabrication techniques for SMP composites including their merits and demerits which, to the best of our knowledge, is the first review to include such discussion, thus making it a complete reference material.

Active composites based on shape memory polymers: overview, fabrication methods, applications, and future prospects

Fluorescent cellulose-based materials for information encryption and anti-counterfeiting

Finite element simulation of damage in fiber metal laminates under high velocity impact by projectiles with different shapes

Hydrogels are biocompatible carriers that can maintain the original properties of embedded materials. Carbon dots (CDs) are multifunctional nanomaterials with antibacterial properties, fluorescence stability, and adsorption performance that are widely used in fields such as biomedicine, environmental applications, food, and agriculture. CD-based hydrogels combine the merits of both materials by improving the mechanical, self-healing, and adsorption properties of hydrogels, while also giving them new antibacterial and fluorescent properties. Moreover, CD-based hydrogels have greater fluorescence stability, which prevents fluorescence quenching caused by CD aggregation. This review introduces methods to prepare CD-based hydrogels and focuses on the antibacterial, sensing, and adsorption properties of CD-based hydrogels. It also provides a detailed explanation of the antibacterial, sensing, and adsorption mechanisms of CD-based hydrogels and summarizes their antibacterial, detection, and adsorption applications. Finally, the future perspective of CD-based hydrogels is briefly discussed. 

Advanced in carbon dot-based hydrogels for antibacterial, detection and adsorption

Heavy metal ions in industrial sewage constitute a serious threat to human health. Nanocellulose-based adsorbents are emerging as an environmentally friendly material platform for heavy metal ion removal based on their unique properties, which include high specific surface area, excellent mechanical properties, and biocompatibility. In this review, we cover the most recent works on nanocellulose-based adsorbents for heavy metal ion removal and present an in-depth discussion of the modification technologies for nanocellulose in the process of assembling high-performance heavy ion adsorbents. By introducing functional groups, such as amino, carboxyl, aldehyde, and thiol, the assembled nanocellulose-based adsorbents both remove single heavy metal ions and can selectively adsorb multiple heavy ions in water. Finally, the remaining challenges of nanocellulose-based adsorbents are pointed out. We anticipate that this review will provide indispensable guidance on the application of nanocellulose-based adsorbents for the removal of heavy metal ions. 

/pdf/nanocellulose-based-adsorbents-for-heavy-metal-ion-22uqapit.pdf

Nanocellulose-Based Adsorbents for Heavy Metal Ion

Fluorescent cellulose-based hydrogel with carboxymethyl cellulose and carbon quantum dots for information storage and fluorescent anti-counterfeiting

High mechanical properties and excellent anisotropy of dually synergistic network wood fiber gel for human–computer interactive sensors

The shape memory polymer composites with trans-1,4-polyisoprene matrix and chopped carbon fibre reinforcement are developed to improve the mechanical weakness of pure trans-1, 4-polyisoprene in this study. The specimens are fabricated with carbon fibre weight fraction of 5%, 10% and 15%, and the average length of short chopped carbon fibre is 2 mm. The influences of various carbon fibre weight fractions on mechanical behaviour are characterised, and the thermodynamic properties of the developed SMP composites are investigated. The results show that there exists an optimum carbon fibre weight fraction between 0% and 10% to have a highest fracture stress and an extremely low residual strain. The fracture strain gets larger with the increment of temperature, and the value of the residual strain becomes relatively stable with the increase of the number of cycles.

Thermo-mechanical property of shape memory polymer/carbon fibre composites

In view of the insecurity of encode information storage based on fluorescence switch single-stage encryption, a fluorescent hydrogel for multistage data security encryption were proposed, named as polyvinyl alcohol/dialdehyde cellulose nanofibrils/carbon quantum dots hydrogel. Herein, the interpenetrating network was formed by chemically crosslinking between polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and dialdehyde cellulose nanofibrils (DACNF). Additionally, nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (CDs) synthesized by one-step hydrothermal method were introduced into the above hydrogel system by hydrogen bonds. The resultant fluorescent hydrogels possessed high stretchability up to 530 %, good strength of 0.96 MPa, Fe3+-responsive fluorescence quenching, fluorescence recovery triggered by ascorbic acid and borax-triggered shape memory. Moreover, various complex 3D hydrogel geometries were fabricated by folding/assembling 2D fluorescent hydrogel sheets, extending data encryption capability from 2D plane to 3D space. More remarkably, the 3D data encryption-erasing process of fluorescent hydrogel was realized by the strategy of alternating treatment of Fe3+ solution and ascorbic acid solution. This work provided a facile and general strategy for constructing high security important information encryption and protection. 

Aldehyde modified nanocellulose-based fluorescent hydrogel toward multistage data security encryption.

The impact response of carbon fibre-metal laminates under varying ambient temperature (Ta = 20, 100, 150, 200°C) is simulated by ABAQUS/Explicit based user material subroutine VUMAT. The effects of thermal load on the impact resistance of carbon fibre-metal laminates are investigated. Results show that the thermal stress would directly inﬂuence the contact resistance force. The max contact force decreases with the increase of Ta when Ta falls in the range from 100 to 200°C. With the increase of Ta, the residual velocity of bullet increases, and the time of the penetration decreases. The plastic deformation in the steel layer plays signiﬁcant roles in dissipating the impact energy in the carbon fibre-metal laminates. The thermal load weakens the kinetic energy absorbing performance of carbon fibre-steel laminates, which significantly reduces the ballistic property of the fibre-metal laminate.

Assessment of the inﬂuence of thermal load on the impact response of carbon fibre-metal laminates

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