Central functions of oxytocin

Penetration of neurohypophyseal hormones from plasma into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): half-times of disappearance of these neuropeptides from CSF.

Oxytocin induction of short-latency maternal behavior in nulliparous, estrogen-primed female rats

Chemical models of epilepsy with some reference to their applicability in the development of anticonvulsants.

During the past 20 years, evidence has accumulated to suggest that the neuropeptide vasopressin (VP) enhances memory by acting on central mechanisms, and that oxytocin (OT) has amnestic effects. In this review, the evidence for the memory hypothesis with respect to VP is considered and alternative interpretations evaluated. A critical approach has been adopted; negative findings, design considerations and problems with the various hypotheses are given prominence. It is concluded that the memory hypothesis fails to provide an adequate account, and some alternative theories and suggestions are discussed. It is speculated that the peptide may affect behaviour by two distinct mechanisms: peripheral action may involve reinforcement mechanisms, but its central role may be to modulate arousal level, especially in stressful situations.

A critique of the vasopressin-memory hypothesis

Intraventricular injection of arginine-8-vasopressin and its analogues vasotocin and lysine-8-vasopressin into rat brain evoked a special rotational behavior resembling somatostatin-induced barrel rotation [1]. Oxytocin and oxypressin were less active while vasopressin fragments had no effect. Vasopressin-induced barrel rotation was accompanied by pathological symptoms indicating a disturbance of muscle tone regulation and is considered to be a non-specific and toxic effect. This rotational behavior was not prevented by atropine, propranolol, phentolamine, methysergide or haloperidol but was reduced by chlorpromazine, probably due to the latter's muscle relaxing activity.

Barrel rotation induced by vasopressin and related peptides in rats

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Barrel rotation induced by vasopressin and related peptides in rats