High-voltage switches required in present power electronics applications are realized by connecting existing devices in series. Unequal sharing of voltage across series-connected devices can be minimized by using active gate control techniques, snubber circuits, and active clamping circuits. The primary objectives of this paper are to discuss existing voltage-balancing techniques, to present a novel hybrid voltage-balancing technique, and to optimize the number of insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) in a series string in terms of power losses. The novel voltage-balancing technique can achieve good voltage balancing with a minimum number of components and minimum total losses (i.e., IGBT losses and balancing circuit losses). This technique was validated by both simulation and experimental work. The power loss of a high-voltage switch depends on the voltage-balancing circuit and the number of IGBTs in series and switching frequency. For a given application, the optimum number of IGBTs, in terms of power losses, depends on device characteristics and switching frequency.

Series connection of insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs)

Transient voltage unbalance is the major problem that limits the application of series-connected IGBTs in high-voltage and high-power converters. Asynchronous gate delay causes series-connected IGBTs not to turn-on and turn-off at the same time resulting in severely unbalanced voltage sharing. An active voltage balancing control technique is proposed in this paper to solve the asynchronous gate delay problem. By sampling the feedback signal caused by unbalanced voltage sharing, the microcontroller generates a time delay for the gate driver to compensate the asynchronous gate delay. The most vital part of active voltage balancing control, the status feedback circuit, is also discussed in detail in this paper. The function of the status feedback circuit and the effect of active voltage balancing control are verified in a two series-connected HV-IGBTs platform in rated operation (5 kV bus voltage and 600 A load current).

Series-Connected HV-IGBTs Using Active Voltage Balancing Control With Status Feedback Circuit

Obvious differences are observed between simulation and experimental results for series-connected insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) using current IGBT models. Here, the cause of these errors is analyzed in detail. A physical model based on more effective assumptions for a 2-D structure is proposed in this paper. The relationship between carrier concentration and lifetime is considered in the model in order to achieve an accurate description for excess carrier distribution. Testing was performed in a buck converter using series-connected non-punch-through (NPT) planar-gate 6500 V/600 A high-voltage IGBTs (HVIGBTs) at various bus voltages using an asynchronous control signal. The accuracy of HVIGBT transient model is verified by comparing experimental and simulation results in buck converters using two and three series-connected IGBTs. The function of the RC snubber circuit is also evaluated using the proposed model.

Physical Model Analysis During Transient for Series-Connected HVIGBTs

This paper presents the third part of the Bibliography of FACTS technology for 2011. It provides a listing of various journal and conference papers in this area. This Bibliography includes papers published until November 2011. If this paper is granted revise and resubmit status, the Working Group will update this bibliography to include all papers published till the end of year 2011 and make it more complete.

Bibliography of FACTS: 2006–2007 Part III IEEE working group report

Series connected IGBTs provide a useful method to improve the voltage level, and which is a very important approach to achieve high-voltage power converters. However the imbalance of collector-emitter voltages across IGBTs is a key issue that must be addressed. This paper proposed a novel type of series connected IGBT circuit with voltage self-balance by using clamping diode and snubber capacitor, and an auxiliary circuit for energy feedback is designed. The operation principles and the various working states are analyzed in this paper. Furthermore the experiment prototype of three-phase inverter based on this topology is built. The experiment results validate the voltage self-balance performance of the series connected IGBTs.

Voltage self-balance method for series connected IGBTs by using clamping diodes

This paper reports the development of a converter for a large-capacity STATCOM. The converter consists of multiple series-connected 1.7kV module-type IGBTs. An active gate controlled circuit that we developed was applied to the IGBT gate drive circuit, eliminating large-capacity voltage-clamped snubber circuits or voltage balancing circuits that are conventionally needed for a series-connected IGBT converter, which considerably simplifies the converter. A rated-power test was performed, the results of which confirmed satisfactory performance of the developed converter.

Development of a multiple series-connected IGBT converter for large-capacity STATCOM

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Development of a multiple series-connected IGBT converter for large-capacity STATCOM