Understanding how clinical variables affect stress distribution facilitates optimal prosthesis design and fabrication and may lead to a decrease in mechanical failures as well as improve implant longevity. In this study, the many clinical variations present in an implant-supported prosthesis were analyzed by a 3-dimensional finite-element method. The anterior segment of a human mandible treated with 5 implants supporting a curved beam was created to perform the tests. The variables introduced in the computer model were cantilever length, elastic modulus of cancellous bone, abutment length, implant length, and framework alloy (AgPd or CoCr). The computer was programmed with physical properties of the materials as derived from the literature, and a 100-N vertical load was used to simulate the occlusal force. Images with fringes of stress were obtained, and the maximum stress at each site was plotted in graphs for comparison. Stresses tended to be concentrated at the cortical bone around the neck of the implant closest to the load, whereas stresses in cancellous bone were considered low. In general, the stress distribution was better with stiffer cancellous bone, longer abutments and implants, and shorter cantilevers. The use of a CoCr alloy framework appears to contribute to a better stress distribution.

Finite element analysis of stress in bone adjacent to dental implants.

Objectives: The purpose of this in vitro study was to analyze the stress distribution on components of a mandibular-cantilevered implant-supported prosthesis with frameworks cast in cobalt–chromium (Co–Cr) or palladium–silver (Pd–Ag) alloys, according to the cantilever length.

Material and methods: Frameworks were fabricated on (Co–Cr) and (Pd–Ag) alloys and screwed into standard abutments positioned on a master-cast containing five implant replicas. Two linear strain gauges were fixed on the mesial and distal aspects of each abutment to capture deformation. A vertical static load of 100 N was applied to the cantilever arm at the distances of 10, 15, and 20 mm from the center of the distal abutment and the absolute values of specific deformation were recorded.

Results: Different patterns of abutment deformation were observed according to the framework alloy. The Co–Cr alloy framework resulted in higher levels of abutment deformation than the silver–palladium alloy framework. Abutment deformation was higher with longer cantilever extensions.

Conclusion: Physical properties of the alloys used for framework interfere with abutment deformations patterns. Excessively long cantilever extensions must be avoided.

Effect of cantilever length and framework alloy on the stress distribution of mandibular-cantilevered implant-supported prostheses.

Objectives: In cantilevered implant-supported complete prosthesis, the abutments' different heights represent different lever arms to which the abutments are subjected resulting in deformation of the components, which in turn transmit the load to the adjacent bone. The purpose of this in vitro study was to quantitatively assess the deformation of abutments of different heights in mandibular cantilevered implant-supported complete prosthesis.

Material and methods: A circular steel master cast with five perforations containing implant replicas (O3.75 mm) was used. Two groups were formed according to the types of alloy of the framework (CoCr or PdAg). Three frameworks were made for each group to be tested with 4, 5.5 and 7 mm abutments. A 100 N load was applied at a point 15 mm distal to the center of the terminal implant. Readings of the deformations generated on the mesial and distal aspects of the abutments were obtained with the use of strain gauges.

Results: Deformation caused by tension and compression was observed in all specimens with the terminal abutment taking most of the load. An increase in deformation was observed in the terminal abutment as the height was increased. The use of an alloy of higher elastic modulus (CoCr) also caused the abutment deformation to increase.

Conclusion: Abutment's height and framework alloy influence the deformation of abutments of mandibular cantilevered implant-supported prosthesis.

Effect of abutment's height and framework alloy on the load distribution of mandibular cantilevered implant‐supported prosthesis

The role of superstructure material on the stress distribution in mandibular full-arch implant-supported fixed dentures. A CT-based 3D-FEA.

The purpose of this study was to present a literature review about photoelasticity, a laboratory method for evaluation of implants prosthesis behavior. Fixed or removable prostheses function as levers on supporting teeth, allowing forces to cause tooth movement if not carefully planned. Hence, during treatment planning, the dentist must be aware of the biomechanics involved and prevent movement of supporting teeth, decreasing lever-type forces generated by these prosthesis. Photoelastic analysis has great applicability in restorative dentistry as it allows prediction and minimization of biomechanical critical points through modifications in treatment planning.

Photoelastic analysis of stress distribution in oral rehabilitation.

A study into the use of chromium-cobalt alloy for constructing the framework for osseointegrate prostheses

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A study into the use of chromium-cobalt alloy for constructing the framework for osseointegrate prostheses