Seat design recommendations from a large body of literature are reviewed. Emphasis is given to fit parameters related to anthropometric measurements, feel parameters, including pressure distribution and vapor permeability, and support parameters defined with respect to seated posture. Particular attention is given to appropriate lumbar support configurations. A discussion of the limitations of the basis for current design recommendations points to the need for future study of postures and spine contours selected by drivers. A comprehensive bibliography of related literature is provided in the appendix.

/pdf/survey-of-auto-seat-design-recommendations-for-improved-1ss580s2rb.pdf

Survey of Auto Seat Design Recommendations for Improved Comfort

Mathematical modelling, simulation and experimental testing of biomechanical system crash response.

Systems identification for material properties of the intervertebral joint.

From a mechanical and structural point of view, the cervical spine is a very complex mechanism. The human neck contains vital neurologic, vascular, and respiratory structures as well as the cervical vertebrae and spinal cord. Although injury statistics generally attribute only 2 to 4 of serious trauma to the neck, any neck injury can have debilitating if not life-threatening consequences. Permanent paralysis is a particularly devastating and costly injury. When it is a consequence of accidental trauma, frequently a young productive member of society is transformed into a totally dependent member. The advent of high-speed land and air transportation has made us increasingly aware of the serious consequences that can result from a structural failure of the neck. Also, as more people pursue leisure-time activities, the potential for serious neck injuries increases. Football, diving, gymnastics, skiing, hang gliding, mountain climbing, and amusement rides are examples of activities that expose the neck to a risk of serious injury. As a result, a variety of devices have evolved that offer a measure of protection to the neck from mechanical trauma. Head and seat restraints, motorcycle and football helmets, energy-absorbing pads and collars, and gymnastic mats are a few examples of head and neck protective devices. Unfortunately, the design of many of these has proceeded with insufficient biomechanical input because of the lack of relevant data. Fortunately, because of increased federal funding, the amount of available information on neck injury has increased dramatically in the last decade. This chapter summarizes research aimed at providing some biomechanical responses of the neck in a form that will be useful in design of protective systems and in the development of societal strategies to reduce the number of cervical spine injuries. To that end, various biomechanical characteristics of the neck, tolerance criteria, and injury mechanisms are presented. Neck injuries are described and classified. Accidents that involve neck injuries are analyzed. Real-life neck injuries are presented and laboratory results are synthesized to provide a rational basis for understanding neck injury.

Biomechanical Aspects of Cervical Trauma

A biomechanical analog of curve progression and orthotic stabilization in idiopathic scoliosis

A distributed parameter model of the inertially loaded human spine.

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A distributed parameter model of the inertially loaded human spine.