Second generation (2G) high temperature superconductor (HTS) wires are based on a coated conductor technology. They follow on from a first generation (1G) HTS wire consisting of a composite multifilamentary wire architecture. During the last couple of years, rapid progress has been made in the development of 2G HTS wire, which is now displacing 1G HTS wire for most if not all applications. The engineering critical current density of these wires matches or exceeds that of 1G wire, and the mechanical properties are also superior. Scale-up of manufacturing is proceeding rapidly, with several companies already supplying the order of 10 km annually for test and demonstration. Coils of increasing sophistication are being demonstrated. One especially attractive application, that relies on the specific properties of 2G HTS wire, is fault current limitation. By incorporating a high resistivity stabilizer in the coated conductor, one can achieve high resistance in a quenched state during a fault event and at the same time provide significant heat capacity to limit the temperature rise. A test of a 2.25 MVA single phase system at 7.5 kV employing such wire by the Siemens/AMSC team has demonstrated all the key features required for a cost-effective commercial system. A novel approach to providing fault current limiting functionality in HTS cables has also been introduced.

Progress in high temperature superconductor coated conductors and their applications

High-temperature superconducting (HTS) cable systems are expected to be a solution for improvement of the power grid and three demonstration projects in the real grid are underway in the United States. One of these is the Albany, NY HTS Cable Project, involving the installation and operation of a 350 meter HTS cable system with a capacity of 34.5 kV, 800 A, installed between two substations in National Grid's electric utility system. A 320 meter and a 30 meter cable are installed in an underground conduit and connected together by a joint, or splice in a vault. In Phase I of this project, the cables were fabricated with DI-BSCCO wire in a 3-core-in-one cryostat structure. After the installation of the HTS cable system, the in-grid operation began on July 20, 2006 and operated successfully in unattended condition through May 1, 2007. In Phase II, the 30 meter section was replaced by a 2G (YBCO) cable. The 2G cable was fabricated with SuperPower's YBCO coated conductors in a 3-core-in-one cryostat. After replacement of the 30 meter section, the joint and one termination were reassembled and the commissioning tests that included initial cooling, critical current measurement and DC withstand voltage test were completed successfully. After the commissioning tests, the HTS cable system with a 30 meter YBCO cable and a 320 meter DI-BSCCO cable was re-energized on January 8, 2008 and started again to operate in a live utility network. This paper describes the latest status of the Albany HTS cable project.

Phase II of the Albany HTS Cable Project

The HTS cable demonstration project, called the Yokohama Project, supported by Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry and the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, was initiated in Japan in 2007. The aim of this project is to operate a 66 kV, 200 MVA high-temperature superconducting (HTS) cable in a network of the Tokyo Electric Power Company to demonstrate cable reliability and stable operation. Total project period was changed from 5 years to 6 years. Chosen as the demonstration site was the Asahi substation in Yokohama. Based on the analysis of the network conditions of the demonstration site, specifications of the HTS cable system were determined. Element technologies were developed and various preliminary tests using short core samples were conducted to confirm the HTS cable design. A 30-meter HTS cable system was manufactured and tested prior to initial demonstration tests. Long-term demonstration tests of the HTS cable system in an actual grid at the Asahi substation are scheduled to be started in 2011.

Status of Superconducting Cable Demonstration Project in Japan

The high-temperature superconducting (HTS) cable demonstration project supported by Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry and New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization has started in Japan. The target of this project is to operate a 66 kV, 200 MVA HTS cable in the live network of Tokyo Electric Power Company in order to demonstrate its reliability and stable operation. The design of the HTS cable with DI-BSCCO has been completed as well as those of a termination and a joint. A 30-m HTS cable system with terminations, a splice, and a cooling system was installed in the SEI facility and confirmed the cable has good performances as design. The HTS cable, splice box, and termination vessels have been manufactured with the same design of a 30-m cable system. By now, the HTS cables have been installed into the conduit at the Asahi substation of Tokyo Electric Power Company. The constructions of splice and terminations have been completed. The HTS cable system at Asahi substation was cooled down in this spring. This paper describes the design and completion test results of the HTS cable system.

Update of YOKOHAMA HTS Cable Project

The demand for cable diagnostics and monitoring techniques has increased significantly in recent decades. Various diagnostic tests such as partial discharge, dielectric loss, and elongation-at-break tests are available in real-world applications. Among the cable diagnostic methods, reflectometry can be used to detect the location of a fault according to the reflected signal at the impedance-discontinuity point. Because it is a nondestructive method and can be applied regardless of the cable type, reflectometry is commonly used for monitoring real-world applications. Time–frequency domain reflectometry, an improved type of reflectometry, is more accurate than conventional reflectometry and employs time–frequency localized signals that are robust to noise. To compensate for the errors occurring in the time–frequency domain reflectometry, several algorithms have been reviewed. In the past, because the signal of time-frequency domain reflectometry contains both time and frequency information, a high-specification signal generator and measurement sensors were required, which made practical application of the method difficult. However, with recent developments in instrumentation and sensing technology, reduction in the instrumentation size and cost facilitates the use of time–frequency domain reflectometry in various industrial applications, e.g., control and instrumentation cables in nuclear power plants, superconducting cables, and submarine cables. This work reviews the use of time-frequency domain reflectometry for cable diagnostics and monitoring in real-world applications. The purpose and results of the experiments on industrial applications are introduced and analyzed. This study also suggests directions for further research to make time–frequency domain reflectometry a diagnostic standard.

Industrial Applications of Cable Diagnostics and Monitoring Cables via Time–Frequency Domain Reflectometry

The Albany project has installed a high temperature superconducting (HTS) cable with a 350 m length in 34.5 kV and 800 Arms in the real power grid of the National Grid Power Company. The type of the cable is a 3 cores in a cryostat. Bi-2223 wires manufactured with SEI new sintering method, CT-OP, is used as both superconducting conductor and shield. The Cable was manufactured and shipped to the Albany test site after passing various tests such as Ic measurement, voltage tests, pressurized tests, and so on. Cable installations into a 320 m long conduits and a 30 m long conduit under ground was completed successfully. The cable was pulled with 2.5 ton tension, which is within its allowable limit. A joint between the 320 m cable and the 30 m cable was assembled in an underground vault. Cable terminations were also assembled at both ends of the cable. After all of the installation, the initial cooling was conducted successfully and then in-grid operation was started on July 20th in 2006 after confirmation of cable performance.

Fabrication and Installation Results for Albany HTS Cable

HTS cable demonstration project supported by Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) and New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) has started in Japan. The target of this project is to operate a 66 kV, 200 MVA HTS cable in the live network of Tokyo Electric Power Company in order to demonstrate its reliability and stable operation. The design of the HTS cable with DI-BSCCO has been completed as well as those of a termination and a joint. A 30-meter HTS cable system with terminations, a joint and a cooling system was installed in SEI facility to confirm their design and performance. Various tests as voltage tests, nominal and over current tests, heat cycle tests, heat loss measurements and so on were conducted and it is verified that the cable has good performances as design. This paper describes the design and test results of a 30-meter HTS cable, and discusses required test items of HTS cables.

Test Results of a 30 m HTS Cable for Yokohama Project

High-temperature superconducting (HTS) cable systems are expected to be a solution for improvement of the power grid and three demonstration projects in the real grid are under way in the United States. One of them is the Albany, NY Cable Project, involving the installation and operation of a 350 meter HTS cable system with a capacity of 34.5kV, 800A, connecting between two substations in National Grid's electric utility system. A 320 meter and a 30 meter cable are installed in underground conduit and connected together in a vault. The cables were fabricated with 70km of DI-BSCCO wire in a 3 core-in-one cryostat structure. The cable installation of a 320 meter and a 30 meter section was completed successfully using the same pulling method as a conventional underground cable. After the cable installation, the joint and two terminations were assembled at the Albany site. After the initial cooling of the system, the commissioning tests such as the critical current, heat loss measurement and DC withstand voltage test were conducted successfully. The in-grid operation began on July 20th, 2006 and operated successfully in unattended condition through May 1st, 2007. In the 2nd phase of the Albany project, the 30 meter section is to be replaced by a YBCO cable. The YBCO cable had been developed and a new 30 meter cable was manufactured by using SuperPower's YBCO coated conductors. This paper describes the latest status of the Albany cable project.

Albany hts cable project long term in-grid operation status update

The purpose of the Albany HTS Cable Project is to establish the feasibility of operating a 350 meter long HTS cable system between two substations of the National Grid Power Company, connecting parts of their real commercial grid. This part of the grid has a capacity of 800 A at 34.5 kV, and BSCCO HTS cable began operation on July 20, 2006 in good order. Long-term trouble-free and unattended in-grid operation has continued since then, interrupted just once in early May, 2007 to allow the replacement of the 30 m section of BSCCO cable with new YBCO cable. The YBCO coated conductor for this new HTS cable was prepared by Superpower while a test core was fabricated for testing to confirm the adequacy of its electrical and mechanical properties. This process produced cable with as-designed critical conductor current and shielding, and the results of the fault current test were almost identical to those of BSCCO, with no Ic degradation. Test results thus confirmed the applicability of this YBCO core design. A 30 m YBCO cable was manufactured and shipped to Albany on May, 2007, on schedule. This paper describes the test results for the BSCCO cable and a YBCO sample core, and the manufacture of the 30 m YBCO cable.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/97/1/012076/pdf

30 m YBCO cable for the Albany HTS cable project

Superconducting cable is expected to be one of the most economical ways to improve both the stability and capacity of electrical transmission and distribution lines, so several studies of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) cable have been initiated around the world. SEI was recently engaged by the Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) to install a 22.9 kV–1250 A HTS cable system, comprising a 100 m HTS cable, two terminations and a cooling system, all manufactured in Japan and shipped to the KEPCO Gochang test site in Cheolabuk-Do, ROK (Republic of Korea). After system installation and assembly, the cable was cooled with liquid nitrogen. Following several checks, including measurements of critical current and heat loss, and AC voltage and current tests, a commissioning test saw the cable carry 1250 A at 22.9 kV for 48 h, meeting all requirements. This report outlines the KEPCO HTS cable project, including system design, manufacture, installation and testing.

Development of 22.9 kV high-temperature superconducting cable for KEPCO

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

H. Ito

Author Tools

Chat about Author