The development of a metastasis is dependent on an interplay between host factors and intrinsic characteristics of malignant tumor cells. The process of metastasis is highly selective, and the metastatic lesion represents the end point of many destructive events that only a few cells can survive. Neoplasms, which are predominantly heterogeneous, contain a variety of subpopulations of cells with differing metastatic potential. Furthermore, metastatic cell variants have been shown to preexist in murine neoplasms of old and recent origin. The possible existence of highly metastatic variant cells within a primary tumor suggests that we no longer should consider a neoplasm to be a uniform entity. Efforts to design effective therapeutic agents and procedures against malignant tumors should be directed toward the few but fatal metastatic subpopulations of cells.

https://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/38/9/2651.full.pdf

Tumor heterogeneity and the biology of cancer invasion and metastasis.

Animal tumor models for blood-borne metastasis have been developed by in vitro cloning or in vivo selection of malignant tumor cell populations to obtain organ-preferring variant tumor cell lines with altered arrest, survival, invasion, and growth properties. Selection and some tumor cell characteristics of lung-, brain-, and ovary-colonizing metastatic B16 melanoma, liver-colonizing RAW114 lymphosarcoma, and lung-colonizing MSV3T3 vasoformative sarcoma variant lines will be discussed along with additional data, suggesting that tumor cells of varying malignant potential preeexist in the unselected tumor population.

https://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/38/11_Part_2/4105.full.pdf

Specificity of Arrest, Survival, and Growth of Selected Metastatic Variant Cell Lines

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses one aspect of the genetics of immunoglobulins in mice, the polymorphism of genes controlling the structure of the γA, γF, γG, and γH heavy chains. Inbred strains of mice vary in their heavy-chain immunoglobulin genotype, and it is possible in certain defined donor-recipient combinations to prepare precipitating antisera. These homologous antisera identify genetically controlled allotypic (antigenic) determinants that distinguish among mice with different heavy-chain immunoglobulin genotypes. Pure forms of immunoglobulins can be obtained in the form of myeloma immunoglobulins that are produced by plasma cell tumors, and plasma cell tumors can be easily induced in the highly inbred BALB/c strain of mice. These tumors can be propagated by serial transplantation in syngeneic hosts. The genes controlling the determinants on the BALB/c γA, γ G, and γH papain Fc fragments are closely linked. This cluster of genes comprises the heavy-chain linkage group. The chemical identification of immunoglobulins is based upon the analysis of the polypeptide chains of a large variety of myeloma proteins. Initially, myeloma proteins of mice were classified by heterologous rabbit antisera and, then further characterized by tryptic peptide maps of the heavy chains or the papain Fc fragments.

Genetics of Immunoglobulins in the Mouse

This article describes a peculiar tumour which originates in the ileocoecal lymph node of the LOU/Ws1 strain rat. The tumour cells usually have the appearance of very poorly differentiated lymphoid cells showing a tendency to develop ribosome-studded ergastoplasmic membranes. In about 60% of the cases, such tumours synthesize monoclonal immunoglobulins of the IgG or IgA class, or Bence-Jones proteins. These tumours are readily transplantable in isologous hosts or their F hybrids. The great majority of the transplanted growths retain their capacity for immunoglobulin production during many successive passages in vivo.



A scrutiny of older and more recent literature has revealed several descriptions of rat tumours having the same macroscopic and microscopic features as the tumours described here, except for the immunoglobulin-secreting properties which were never tested in the earlier studies.



It is proposed to call this tumour the rat ileocoecal immunocytoma.



TUMEURS TRANSPLANTABLES SUR LES RATS ET SECRETANT DES IMMUNOGLOBULINES. I. CARACTERISTIQUES GENERALES DES IMMUNOCYTOMES DES RATS LOUiWsl ET DE LEURS PROTEINES MONOCLONALES



Cct article dikrit une tumeur particulikre qui se ddveloppe a partir du ganglion ile'o-coccal de /a souche de rat LOU1 Wsl. Les cellules tumorales ont ge'niralement une apparence lympholde. EIles sont trks peu dife'rencie'es et ont tendance a ddvelopper des membranes ergastoplasmiques parseme'es de ribosomes. Dans environ 60% des cas, ces tumeurs synthe'tisent des immunoglobulines morioclonales de type IgC ou IgA, ou des protiines de Bence- Jones. Ces tumeurs sont transplantables sur des rats de mme souche ou sur leurs hybrides de premikre gdne'ration. La capacite' de synthe'tiser des immunoglobulines est conservke par la majorite' des tumeurs au cours des passages successi' in vivo.



L'examen de la litte'rature a permis de retrouver plusieurs descriptions de tumeurs rat ayant des caractdristiques macroscopiques et microscopiques identiques a celles des tumeurs du rat LOU, mise a part la propriiti de synthitiser des immunoglobulines qui n'a jamais d t k recherchhe dans les dtudes prhckdentes.



II est propos; de nommer cette tumeur: I'immunocytome ildo-coecal du rat.

Transplantable immunoglobulin-secreting tumours in rats. I. General features of LOU-Ws1 strain rat immunocytomas and their monoclonal proteins.

The differentiation of lymphoid cells is a process that is fundamentally associated with the expression of all types of immune responses. Since the initial recognition of two distinct lineages of lymphoid cells in birds (Wamer et al. 1962) and mammals (Miller & Mitchell 1969, Claman & Chaperon 1969, Davies 1969), it has become increasingly evident that these two major streams of lymphocyte differentiation can become further separated into divergent pathways which lead to cells having distinctly different functional roles in the immune response. This concept has been most clearly defined in terms of T cell differentiation, in which distinct functional subpopulations of T cells mediate the different T cell activities of help, suppression, delayed sensitivity, certain alloreactivities, cytotoxicity and initiator amplifier functions (see reviews Cantor & Boyse 1976, 1977). This characterization of T cells into distinct functional subpopulations, has been shown to be associated with distinct

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Murine B Cell Lymphoma Differentiation

SummaryA plasma cell neoplasm X5563 of the C3H mouse has been described, which resembles human multiple myeloma, by similar histologic appearance of the neoplastic plasma cell; by similar development of osteolytic bone lesions after considerable residence in the host mouse, and by similar production of an abnormal serum globulin.

Abnormal serum protein and bone destruction in transmissible mouse plasma cell neoplasm (multiple myeloma).

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Abnormal serum protein and bone destruction in transmissible mouse plasma cell neoplasm (multiple myeloma).