Vehicle noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) is an important vehicle attribute. It is usually among the top five attributes in terms of its priority in the design of any vehicle type. Like other attributes of safety, performance, dynamics and fuel economy, this attribute has to be considered closely in the design process. This manuscript presents an overview of automotive NVH engineering. It classifies the interior noise into powertrain-related NVH, road- and tyre-related NVH and wind-related NVH. This paper also discusses brake- and chassis-related NVH, squeak and rattle and electromechanical-related NVH. In addition, the paper addresses exterior NVH, frequently described as drive-by NVH. The phenomenon is divided into usual or expected NVH and unusual or unexpected NVH. The paper provides a review of some of the recent literature in the field of automotive NVH.

Overview of automotive noise and vibration

A coupled tire structure/acoustic cavity model

Development and validation of a three-dimensional ring-based structural tyre model

A tire model and its interface performance with road surface plays a major role in vehicle dynamics analysis and full vehicle real time proving ground simulations. The successful tire model must be able to support the vehicle weight, provide vehicle control and stability, transfer various forces and torques from road/tire interaction to a vehicle chassis/ suspension system. The dynamic effects in terms of tire stiffness and internal damping characteristics in impact loading conditions must also be accounted for in the model. A Finite Element Analysis (FEA) tire model is established and its performance is validated using LS/DYNA3D analysis code simulating the radial and lateral static stiffness test conditions, the one-meter dynamic freedrop test condition and the rolling cornering stiffness. The analysis results are compared with available test data and a generic empirical formula.

Validation of a FEA Tire Model for Vehicle Dynamic Analysis and Full Vehicle Real Time Proving Ground Simulations

Recent experimental results have shown that the vibration induced by the tire air
cavity resonance is transmitted into the vehicle cabin and may be responsible for significant
interior noise. The tire acoustic cavity is excited by the road surface through the contact
patch on the rotating tire. The effect of the cavity resonance is that results in significant
forces developed at the vehicle’s spindle, which in turn drives the vehicle’s interior acoustic
field. This tire-cavity interaction phenomenon is analytically investigated by modeling the
fully coupled tire-cavity systems. The tire is modeled as an annular shell structure in contact
with the road surface. The rotating contact patch or a harmonic point force is used as a
forcing function in the coupled tire-cavity governing equation of motion. The contact patch is
defined as a prescribed deformation that in turn is expanded in its Fourier components. The
response of the tire is then separated into static and dynamic components. The coupled
system of equations is then solved in closed form in order to obtain the tire acoustic and
structural responses. The influence of the acoustic cavity resonance on the spindles forces is
shown to be very important. Therefore, the tire cavity resonance effect must be reduced in
order to control the tire contribution to the vehicle interior noise. The modeling and analysis
of an approach to control the tire acoustic cavity resonances is investigated. The approach
consists in the incorporation of secondary acoustic cavities to detune and damp out the main
tire cavity resonance. The model is used to show that the secondary cavities are effective at
suppressing the tire cavity resonance and thus the forces at the spindle.

/pdf/a-coupled-tire-structure-acoustic-cavity-model-tdmx3ru4cz.pdf

A Coupled Tire Structure-Acoustic Cavity Model

One of the major factors in road‐induced noise in a vehicle is the vibration characteristics of its tires The effects of tire cavity resonance are clarified in this paper by a mathematical approach to the excitation and by road tests Peaks of road noise due to cavity resonance in automobile tires exist at frequencies between 230 and 300 Hz The major peak is at the first mode of cavity resonance in the circumferential direction and is not affected by the cross‐sectional shape of the tire The noise is affected by only the first mode of cavity resonance Therefore, by using countermeasures to this resonance, the road noise can be reduced

Effects of Tire Cavity Resonance on Vehicle Road Noise

A vehicle sometimes drifts in a straight lane. This is caused by wind, road contour, suspension alignment, and tire properties. In this paper, characteristic tire properties which affect vehicle pull are defined and analyzed by the finite element method. The effect of tire construction and tread pattern on these characteristics are discussed.

An Approach to Vehicle Pull Using a Tire Finite Element Model

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Effects of Tire Cavity Resonance on Vehicle Road Noise

An Approach to Vehicle Pull Using a Tire Finite Element Model