We describe and characterize a multi-micron silicon photonics platform that was designed to combine performance, power efficiency, manufacturability, and versatility for integrated photonic applications ranging from data communications to sensors. We outline the attributes needed for broad applicability, high-volume manufacturing, and large-scale deployment of silicon photonics, and describe how the platform is favorable with respect to these attributes. We present demonstrations of key technologies needed for the communications and sensing applications, including low-loss fiber attach, compact low-loss filters, efficient hybrid wavelength division multiplexed lasers, and high-speed electro-absorption modulators and integrated photodetectors.

Multi-Micron Silicon Photonics Platform for Highly Manufacturable and Versatile Photonic Integrated Circuits

A new all-optical access-metro network interface based on optical burst switching (OBS) is proposed. A hybrid wavelength-division multiplexing/time-division multiplexing (WDM/TDM) access architecture with reflective optical network units (ONUs), an arrayed-waveguide-grating outside plant, and a tunable laser stack at the optical line terminal (OLT) is presented as a solution for the passive optical network. By means of OBS and a dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) protocol, which polls the ONUs, the available access bandwidth is managed. All the network intelligence and costly equipment is located at the OLT, where the DBA module is centrally implemented, providing quality of service (QoS). To scale this access network, an optical cross connect (OXC) is then used to attain a large number of ONUs by the same OLT. The hybrid WDM/TDM structure is also extended toward the metropolitan area network (MAN) by introducing the concept of OBS multiplexer (OBS-M). The network element OBS-M bridges the MAN and access networks by offering all-optical cross connection, wavelength conversion, and data signaling. The proposed innovative OBS-M node yields a full optical data network, interfacing access and metro with a geographically distributed access control. The resulting novel access-metro architectures are nonblocking and, with an improved signaling, provide QoS, scalability, and very low latency. Finally, numerical analysis and simulations demonstrate the traffic performance of the proposed access scheme and all-optical access-metro interface and architectures

An All-Optical Access-Metro Interface for Hybrid WDM/TDM PON Based on OBS

The high-temperature sensitivity of the silicon material index limits the applications of silicon-based micro-ring resonators in integrated photonics. To realize a low but broadband temperature-dependent-wavelength-shift microring resonator, designing a broadband athermal waveguide becomes a significant task. In this work, we propose a broadband athermal waveguide that shows a low effective thermo-optical coefficient of ±1×10−6/K from 1400 to 1700 nm. The proposed waveguide shows a low-loss performance and stable broadband athermal property when it is applied to ring resonators, and the bending loss of ring resonators with a radius of >30  μm is 0.02 dB/cm.

Broadband athermal waveguides and resonators for datacom and telecom applications

We review the athermalization techniques that have been proposed for AWGs and discuss the advantages and disadvantages provided by each approach. We then describe our recent progress on the design and fabrication of a silica-based athermal AWG with a 1.5%-u waveguide and report its compactness and excellent optical characteristics including its extremely low insertion loss.

Recent progress on athermal AWG wavelength multiplexer

The thermal behavior of an arrayed-waveguide grating made of a silica/polymer hybrid waveguide was examined. We experimentally confirmed that the hybrid waveguide is effective to decrease the temperature and polarization dependence of the center wavelength owing to the negative thermo-optic coefficient of the refractive index and extremely low baking temperature of the polymer cladding. However, the detachment of the polymer cladding from the silica core, which took place either during a repeated heat cycle test or during long-term storage in atmosphere, was a serious problem for practical use.

Thermal Behavior of Arrayed-Waveguide Grating Made of Silica/Polymer Hybrid Waveguide

We have successfully demonstrated a novel athermal arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG), which is composed of highly TiO/sub 2/-doped SiO/sub 2/ glass rib waveguides on a silicon substrate. We found that the wavelength temperature coefficients of the athermal AWG depend not only on the TiO/sub 2/ concentration but also on the annealing temperature after fabrication. We obtained a center wavelength temperature coefficient of 0.7 pm//spl deg/C at a TiO/sub 2/ concentration of 66 mol% and an annealing temperature of 900/spl deg/C.

Athermal arrayed-waveguide grating multi/demultiplexers composed of TiO/sub 2/--SiO/sub 2/ waveguides on Si

We demonstrated an athermal arrayed waveguide grating by using a novel glass system with TiO/sub 2/ concentration of more than 50 mol%. We reduced the temperature coefficient of the center wavelength to less than 1 pm//spl deg/C.

Novel glass system with negative temperature coefficient of refractive index and its application to arrayed waveguide grating

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Athermal arrayed-waveguide grating multi/demultiplexers composed of TiO/sub 2/--SiO/sub 2/ waveguides on Si

Novel glass system with negative temperature coefficient of refractive index and its application to arrayed waveguide grating