Propofol is a potent lipophilic anesthetic that was initially formulated in Cremophor El for human use. Because of the occurrence of Cremophor EL anaphylaxis and improvements in the quality of lipid emulsions, it was ultimately brought to market as 1% propofol formulated in 10% soybean oil emulsion. Emulsions represent complex formulation compositions whose suitability for intravenous administration is dependent on a number of factors. Despite the success of propofol emulsions, drawbacks to such formulations include inherent emulsion instability, injection pain, a need for antimicrobial agents to prevent sepsis, and a concern of hyperlipidemia-related side effects. Efforts to overcome such drawbacks have involved the development of propofol emulsions with altered propofol and lipid contents, the addition of different excipients to emulsions for antimicrobial activity, and study of nonemulsion formulations including propofol-cyclodextrin and propofol-polymeric micelle formulations. In addition, a number of propofol prodrugs have been made and evaluated.

Propofol: the challenges of formulation.

Types of Antimicrobial Agents

The present invention relates to an antimicrobial wipe effective against Gram positive bacteria, Gram negative bacteria, fungi, yeasts, molds, and viruses comprising a porous or absorbent sheet impregnated with an antimicrobial cleansing composition, wherein the antimicrobial cleansing composition comprises from about 0.001 % to about 5.0 %, by weight of the antimicrobial cleansing composition, of an antimicrobial active; from about 0.05 % to about 10 %, by weight of the antimicrobial cleansing composition, of an anionic surfactant; from about 0.1 % to about 10 %, by weight of the antimicrobial cleansing composition, of a proton donating agent; and from about 3 % to about 99.85 %, by weight of the antimicrobial cleansing composition, water; wherein the composition is adjusted to a pH of from about 3.0 to about 6.0; wherein the antimicrobial cleansing composition an One-wash Immediate Germ Reduction Index of greater than about 1.3; and wherein the rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing composition has a Mildness Index of greater than 0.3. The present invention also relates to methods for removing germs from the skin using the antimicrobial wipes described herein.

Antimicrobial wipes which provide improved immediate germ reduction

The present invention relates to a rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing composition comprising from about 0.001% to about 5% of an antimicrobial active, from about 1% to about 80% of an anionic surfactant, from about 0.1% to about 12% of a proton donating agent; and from about 3% to about 98.899% of water, wherein the composition is adjusted to a pH of from about 3.0 to about 6.0, wherein the rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing composition has a Gram Negative Residual Effectiveness Index of greater than about 0.3, and wherein the rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing composition has a Mildness Index of greater than 0.3. The invention also encompasses methods for cleansing skin and providing residual effectiveness versus Gram negative bacteria using these products.

Mild, rinse-off antimicrobial liquid cleansing compositions which provide residual benefit versus gram negative bacteria

(1977). Sensitivity of Gram-Negative Bacilli to the Serum Bactericidal Activity: A Marker of the Host-Parasite Relationship in Acute and Persisting Infections. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases: Vol. 9, No. sup10, pp. 1-40.

Sensitivity of gram-negative bacilli to the serum bactericidal activity: a marker of the host-parasite relationship in acute and persisting infections.

Cell Envelopes of Gram negative Bacteria: Composition, Response to Chelating Agents and Susceptibility of Whole Cells to Antibacterial Agents

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Cell Envelopes of Gram negative Bacteria: Composition, Response to Chelating Agents and Susceptibility of Whole Cells to Antibacterial Agents