Correlation and toxicological inference of trace elements in tissues from stranded and free-ranging bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)

Growing social concern about environmental quality has been observed in recent years, on global and local scales. As the world’s population continues to grow, it becomes imperative to understand the dynamic interactions between human activities and the environment. With the growth of all aspects of the activities of modern man, warning signs appeared that the sources of the basic environmental components, air, water, and land are not unlimited. The advent of an increasing number of contaminants reduces the power of self-purification of these media, and degradation of nature and biosphere continues infinitely, consequently acting on the man.

Bioindicators of Toxic Metals

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01079869/document

An assessment of contaminant concentrations in toothed whale species of the NW Iberian Peninsula: Part II. Trace element concentrations

Concentrations of cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) were measured in muscle, liver and kidney of three cetacean species, the bottlenose (Tursiops truncatus), striped (Stenella coeruleoalba) and Risso’s (Grampus griseus) dolphins from the Croatian waters of the Adriatic Sea. In all three dolphin species Cd levels decreased in tissues in the order: kidney > liver > muscle, while As and Pb decreased in the order: liver > kidney > muscle for striped and Risso’s dolphins, but with the order reversed for liver and kidney in the bottlenose dolphin for Pb. Levels of Hg consistently followed the order: liver > muscle > kidney, with mean concentrations in the liver being 11–34 times higher than in the other tissues. The highest mean concentrations of trace elements were measured in Risso’s dolphins at 14.9 μg/g wet weight, for Cd in the kidney, and concentrations in the liver of 2.41, 1,115 and 0.63 μg/g for As, Hg and Pb, respectively. Statistically significant differences between the three dolphin species were determined for Cd, Hg and Pb in liver tissues, for As in muscle and for Cd in kidney. Significant correlations of metals between tissues were determined in all three species. The results presented give an indication of the environmental condition with regard to the content of toxic metals along the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea.

Toxic element concentrations in the bottlenose (Tursiops truncatus), striped (Stenella coeruleoalba) and Risso's (Grampus griseus) dolphins stranded in eastern Adriatic Sea.

Ecological variables influencing trace element concentrations in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus, Montagu 1821) stranded in continental Portugal

The concentrations of total mercury in muscle (17 samples), liver (16 samples) and kidney tissues (16 samples) of both bottlenose (Tursiops truncatus) and striped dolphins (Stenella coeruloalba) were analyzed by cold vapour atomic absorption (AA) spectroscopy. The dolphins were found dead at different locations along the east Adriatic over a 10-year period starting in 1990. In this study, the magnitude of mercury contamination of dolphins which are indicators of contamination of the Adriatic as well as the Mediterranean Sea was determined. Our results represent the first investigation of heavy metal concentrations in dolphins sampled along the Croatian coast of the Adriatic Sea. Total mercury levels were high, ranging from 1.51 to 136.7 mg/kg in muscle, from 2.04 to 143.1 in kidney and from 10.35 to 1 833 mg/kg in liver tissues (expressed as wet weight). These results were examined for differences based upon age and tissue type. A high correlation was observed between total mercury concentration and age, and adult dolphins (10 samples) contained statistically significant higher concentrations of mercury compared to juvenile (seven samples) dolphins. Mercury concentrations were generally the highest in liver tissue. The presence of high mercury levels in dolphins is attributed to natural as well as anthropogenic sources.

/pdf/mercury-concentrations-in-the-tissues-of-bottlenose-dolphins-2j1dron8b2.pdf

Mercury concentrations in the tissues of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and striped dolphins (Stenella coeruloalba) stranded on the Croatian Adriatic coast

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Mercury concentrations in the tissues of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and striped dolphins (Stenella coeruloalba) stranded on the Croatian Adriatic coast