Using the NOvA neutrino detectors, a broad search has been performed for any signal coincident with 28 gravitational wave events detected by the LIGO/Virgo Collaboration between September 2015 and July 2019. For all of these events, NOvA is sensitive to possible arrival of neutrinos and cosmic rays of GeV and higher energies. For five (seven) events in the NOvA Far (Near) Detector, timely public alerts from the LIGO/Virgo Collaboration allowed recording of MeV-scale events. No signal candidates were found.

Search for multimessenger signals in NOvA coincident with LIGO/Virgo detections

NOvA is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment, which consists of two finely-segmented liquid-scintillator detectors operating 14 mrad off-axis from the NuMI muon neutrino beam. With an 810 km baseline, the combined measurements of muon neutrino disappearance and electron neutrino appearance allow the determination of neutrino oscillation unknowns, namely the mass hierarchy, the octant of the largest neutrino mixing angle, and the CP violating phase. In this dissertation I present the joint analysis of νμ → νμ and νμ → νe oscillation data with an exposure of 8.85× 1020 protons on target on the 14 kton detector. It includes the estimation of neutrino energy distributions in the far detector using near detector data constraints, details of the implementation of the simultaneous fit of νμ and νe samples, and the effect of systematic uncertainties on the measurement of oscillation parameters. I also discuss NOvA’s projected sensitivity to determine the mass hierarchy and discover CP violation in future analyses with increased exposure and the addition of antineutrino datasets. With 66 electron neutrino and 126 muon neutrino candidates, the best fit to the data corresponds to the normal mass hierarchy, ∆m32 =2.44×10−3eV 2/c4, sin θ23 = 0.56, and δCP = 1.21π, with the allowed regions ∆m32 ∈ [2.37, 2.52]×10−3eV 2/c4, sin θ23 ∈ [0.43, 0.51]∪ [0.52, 0.60] and δCP ∈ [0, 0.12π] ∪ [0.91π, 2π] at the 68.3% C.L. Our data disfavor maximal mixing by 0.8σ, δCP = π/2 in the inverted hierarchy at higher than 3σ, and the entire inverted mass hierarchy at the 95% confidence level. By increasing the size of the samples and adding anti-neutrino data, NOvA can potentially resolve the neutrino mass hierarchy at 4σ C.L. or higher for some combinations of oscillation parameters. Improvements to the sensitivity to the determination of the mass hierarchy and CP violation in the neutrino sector can be achieved through gains in the NuMI beam intensity, the inclusion of external data, and refinements in the analysis methodology.

/pdf/constraints-on-neutrino-oscillation-parameters-with-the-nova-371w1ehx53.pdf

Constraints on neutrino oscillation parameters with the NOvA experiment

We report a search for a magnetic monopole component of the cosmic-ray flux in a 95-day exposure of the NOvA experiment's Far Detector, a 14 kt segmented liquid scintillator detector designed primarily to observe GeV-scale electron neutrinos. No events consistent with monopoles were observed, setting an upper limit on the flux of 2×10-14 cm-2 s-1 sr-1 at 90% C.L. for monopole speed 6×10-4<β<5×10-3 and mass greater than 5×108 GeV. Because of NOvA's small overburden of 3 meters-water equivalent, this constraint covers a previously unexplored low-mass region.

Search for slow magnetic monopoles with the NOvA detector on the surface

The NOvA long-baseline neutrino experiment uses a pair of large, segmented, liquid-scintillator calorimeters to study neutrino oscillations, using GeV-scale neutrinos from the Fermilab NuMI beam. These detectors are also sensitive to the flux of neutrinos which are emitted during a core-collapse supernova through inverse beta decay interactions on carbon at energies of O(10 MeV). This signature provides a means to study the dominant mode of energy release for a core-collapse supernova occurring in our galaxy. We describe the data-driven software trigger system developed and employed by the NOvA experiment to identify and record neutrino data from nearby galactic supernovae. This technique has been used by NOvA to self-trigger on potential core-collapse supernovae in our galaxy, with an estimated sensitivity reaching out to 10 kpc distance while achieving a detection efficiency of 23% to 49% for supernovae from progenitor stars with masses of 9.6 M☉ to 27 M☉, respectively.

/pdf/supernova-neutrino-detection-in-nova-p26346oljf.pdf

Supernova neutrino detection in NOvA

Analysis of an exposure of 6e20 protons on target of the NuMI muon neutrino beam have produced precision measurements of both disappearance and appearance oscillations, including the first hints that muon to tau neutrino mixing is not maximal.

/pdf/neutrino-oscillations-in-the-nova-experiment-1zrckms32s.pdf

Neutrino Oscillations in the NOvA experiment

The NOvA experiment uses a continuous, free-running, dead-timeless data acquisition system to collect data from the 14 kT far detector. The DAQ system readouts the more than 344,000 detector channels and assembles the information into an raw unfiltered high bandwidth data stream. The NOvA trigger systems operate in parallel to the readout and asynchronously to the primary DAQ readout/event building chain. The data driven triggering systems for NOvA are unique in that they examine long contiguous time windows of the high resolution readout data and enable the detector to be sensitive to a wide range of physics interactions from those with fast, nanosecond scale signals up to processes with long delayed coincidences between hits which occur at the tens of milliseconds time scale. The trigger system is able to achieve a true 100% live time for the detector, making it sensitive to both beam spill related and off-spill physics.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/664/8/082041/pdf

Performance of the NOνA Data Acquisition and Trigger Systems for the full 14 kT Far Detector

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Performance of the NOνA Data Acquisition and Trigger Systems for the full 14 kT Far Detector