Increasing population and related food demand always remain the most imperative challenges for the developing world. It could only be attained by an increased agricultural production based on external inputs like mineral fertilizers and pesticides during the twentieth century. The green revolution-based modern agricultural practices have resulted in the substantial increase in grain yield at the cost of natural resource degradation. The externalisation of agriculture led to a considerable decline in soil fertility and environmental resilience. It calls for a different approach which should educate the farmers to utilise their traditional knowledge to produce more grains using less external inputs. This approach is known as sustainable agriculture which is the need of the hour, at present. The sustainable agriculture practices are derived from the amalgamation of traditionally adapted healthy practices with a modern development of agricultural systems. Thus, sustainable agricultural practices are supposed to be resource-conservative and resilient to the present climate change scenario. Moreover, a higher proportion of traditional inputs either in the form of resources or the knowledge may encompass the socio-economic balance among different societies. In this review, a brief insight has been given on the concept of sustainable agriculture, its need in the present scenario and a critical assessment in terms of challenges and opportunities for overall sustainability in developing nations by considering India as a model country. How the integration of traditional knowledge and modern agriculture practices will improve the agricultural productivity, soil quality and health as well as socio-economic balance, has also been discussed in terms of research opportunities.

Challenges and opportunities for agricultural sustainability in changing climate scenarios: a perspective on Indian agriculture

The research focused on comparison of properties of rice grown by organic mode (OM) and conventional mode (CM) of farming. Paddy obtained from both the modes of farming was milled and studied for physicochemical, cooking and textural properties. Both the rice was then powdered to flour and their properties were compared. Starch was then isolated from both types of rice and analyzed for their amylose, swelling power, X-ray diffraction, pasting and morphological properties. Milled rice from OM farming exhibited significantly (P

Some properties of rice grains, flour and starches: A comparison of organic and conventional modes of farming

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jdsa/6/1/6_1_54/_pdf

Agro-ecological Approach for Developing a Sustainable Farming and Food System

Pertanian berkelanjutan merupakan upaya penting dalam menjawab tantangan global, yang mencakup ketahanan pangan, konservasi lingkungan, dan pembangunan pedesaan. Penelitian ini mempelajari pengembangan model pertanian berkelanjutan di Jawa Tengah, Indonesia, yang mengintegrasikan aspek sosial dan ekonomi. Dengan menggunakan desain penelitian kuantitatif, penelitian ini menilai efektivitas model ini dalam mendorong produktivitas pertanian, meningkatkan kesejahteraan sosial, dan memajukan pembangunan ekonomi di wilayah tersebut. Faktor-faktor penentu utama dan hambatan dalam penerapan praktik pertanian berkelanjutan di Jawa Tengah juga diidentifikasi. Studi ini mengungkapkan dampak multi-segi dari pertanian berkelanjutan, yang menekankan potensinya untuk menyelaraskan dimensi sosial-ekonomi dan lingkungan. Hasil penelitian ini menekankan perlunya model pertanian berkelanjutan yang holistik dan berorientasi pada masyarakat, serta menggarisbawahi jalan ke depan untuk menciptakan lanskap pertanian yang lebih tangguh dan sejahtera di Jawa Tengah. 

Analisis Pengembangan Model Pertanian Berkelanjutan yang Memperhatikan Aspek Sosial dan Ekonomi di Jawa Tengah

A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 2007-08 to 2009-10 at Jobner, India on loamy sand soil to evaluate the effect of integrated nutrient management on growth, productivity and economics of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum). The experiment consisted of fourteen combinations of integrated nutrient management practices for application of recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) to fenugreek i.e., 40 kg/ha, through different sources, viz., control, inorganic or organic [farmyard manure (FYM), poultry manure (PM), vermicompost (VC) and neem cake (NC)] alone or in combinations was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. Based on three years of study the results revealed that application of all nutrient management treatments through organic and inorganic sources alone or in combination brought significant effect on growth, yield and economics of fenugreek. Further the results revealed that integration of 50% RDN through vermicompost (VC) + 50% RDN through inorganic source to fenugreek recorded higher plant height, branches/plant, pods/plant, seeds/pod, test weight, seed yield (1781 kg/ha), stover yield (3392 kg/ha), biological yield (5173 kg/ha) and net returns (Rs. 52151/ha). However, maximum benefit cost ratio was fetched with application of 100% RDN through inorganic source.

Effect of integrated nutrient management on productivity and economics of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum)

Organic farming is developing rapidly and is now practised in more than 120 countries of the world. Globally 30.4 million ha of the agricultural land, are currently managed organically. India ranks 33rd in total area under organic cultivation. India has now become a leading supplier of organic herbs, organic spices, organic basmati rice, etc to the developed nations. The export realization during 2007 - 08 was around 78 million US $ registering a 200% growth over the previous year. Though organic farming is an inevitable phenomenon, it alone cannot feed the billion population of India. To ensure the food and nutritional security, rather than promoting organic farming enmasse and universally, it would be desirable to carefully delineate areas for organic farming. In India, there is ample scope for pure organic farming in the rainfed areas, where there is little or no use of fertilisers and other agro-chemicals. The Government of India has taken considerable efforts to promote the organic farming without compromising the food grain production to feed the ever growing population in India. Launching of “National Programme for Organic Production” (NPOP) and the dedication of “National Institute of Organic Farming” (NIOF) were the landmark achievements in the arena of organic farming in India.

Organic farming for sustainable agriculture: global and Indian perspective.

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Organic farming for sustainable agriculture: global and Indian perspective.