In this study, magnetic resonance imaging was compared with histology to evaluate the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish malignant from benign cardiac and paracardiac masses in 55 patients. Tumor location, tissue composition, and pericardial or pleural effusion all were identified as key predictors of lesion type. Observers were accurate in the prediction of lesion type (area under curve 0.88 and 0.92), and there was good interobserver variability (Cohen's κ = 0.64).

Usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging of cardiac and paracardiac masses.

In vivo measurement of myocardial mass using nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.

Quantificationrequiresthat the LV be segmentedfrom the surrounding regions. We have previously described (36) a LV surfacedetectorthat identifiessets of endocardial and/or epicardialpointsfromTRVGandsestamibiimages forall framesofthe cardiaccycle.A morerobustvalidation of this algorithm has been reported recently (7). This surfacedetector, appliedto GSPECTimages, can be used for quantifyingwall motion and perfusion. We describe a three-dimensionalmotion calculation that is not dependent upon any coordinate system. We use a simulationto analyzethe expectederrorsin quantification ofmotion and perfusiongiven the assumptionsofthe edge

Three-dimensional motion and perfusion quantification in gated single-photon emission computed tomograms.

We show the feasibility of single breath-hold volumetric imaging of the heart using a three-dimensional (3D) segmented echo planar imaging (EPI) pulse sequence. Fifteen healthy subjects were evaluated using three magnetization preparation schemes: (a) a driven equilibrium T2-weighted preparation for bright blood and dark myocardium; (b) a STEAM magnetization preparation for dark blood; and (c) fat suppression for coronary artery imaging. An interleaved EPI trajectory encoding six echoes per interleave with a 1090 Hz/pixel readout bandwidth was used to collect a 126 x 256 matrix in 22 heartbeats with data acquisition windows per cardiac cycle of 71-285 msec for 8-32 sections. Multiplanar reconstructions could be used if thin (1-3 mm) sections were acquired. Breath-hold volumetric imaging with 3D segmented EPI holds promise for rapid volumetric evaluation of cardiac anatomy.

Single breath-hold volumetric imaging of the heart using magnetization-prepared 3-dimensional segmented echo planar imaging.

Among the ultrafast MRI techniques, the single-shot fast spin-echo sequence offers a robust alternative to echo planar imaging, essentially because of a much reduced sensitivity to B0 inhomogeneity. This property is particularly appealing in situations in which B0 in-homogeneities can be severe and difficult to correct, such as in cardiac imaging. With single-shot cardiac imaging, however, achieving high resolution over the necessarily large field of views without introducing back-folding artifacts is problematic. One option is to use multishot sequences. However, then issues related to cardiac gating arise. Another solution is to use, optimized presaturation slabs with quadratic phase pulses generated by the Shinnar-LeRoux algorithm. These can be set to reduce the field of view in the phase-encoding direction, resulting in a reduction in the number of phase-encoding steps. For instance, for a 1 × 2-mm spatial resolution, over a rectangular, 250 × 125-mm field of view, and using a half Fourier acquisition, an echo-train length of only 40 is required. With a 4.5-msec echo spacing, the total imaging time is ≈ 180 msec. The efficacy of this solution on phantoms and volunteers is demonstrated. Multislice short-axis examinations of the whole heart, realized within a single short breath-hold of ∼ 10 seconds, are shown. The possibility of investigating not only cardiac anatomy but also both contractility and myocardial perfusion is discussed.

Optimized outer volume suppression for single‐shot fast spin‐echo cardiac imaging

Section thickness in two-dimensional Fourier transform (FT) imaging is dependent on gradient strength and the shape of the radio-frequency pulses used to excite the nuclei. By manipulation of these parameters, it is possible to obtain 2.5-mm-thick sections in contiguous, multisection imaging. Because this method is efficient in imaging with long repetition times (TR), it effectively complements three-dimensional FT thin-section imaging techniques, which require imaging with short TRs. Fifteen double-echo, contiguous images of 0.9 X 0.9 X 2.5-mm resolution were obtained in 17.1 minutes for a TR of 2 seconds.

Contiguous thin multisection MR imaging by two-dimensional Fourier transform techniques.

Given a suitable trigger signal, cardiac synchronized magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is simple to implement; however, single section techniques are not efficacious, especially when the heart rate sets the repetition interval. We demonstrate multi-section, double, and single-echo imaging, any of which rapidly covers the cardiac volume; 3-D modes capable of achieving very thin sections; and cycled multi-section imaging capable of efficaciously providing dynamic data on heart motion. These modes form a complementary, powerful set of options for clinical work.

Magnetic resonance imaging strategies for heart studies.

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Contiguous thin multisection MR imaging by two-dimensional Fourier transform techniques.

Magnetic resonance imaging strategies for heart studies.