The SwissFEL X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) facility started construction at the Paul Scherrer Institute (Villigen, Switzerland) in 2013 and will be ready to accept its first users in 2018 on the Aramis hard X-ray branch. In the following sections we will summarize the various aspects of the project, including the design of the soft and hard X-ray branches of the accelerator, the results of SwissFEL performance simulations, details of the photon beamlines and experimental stations, and our first commissioning results.

SwissFEL: The Swiss X-ray Free Electron Laser

The SwissFEL Injector Test Facility operated at the Paul Scherrer Institute between 2010 and 2014, serving as a pilot plant and testbed for the development and realization of SwissFEL, the X-ray Free-Electron Laser facility under construction at the same institute. The test facility consisted of a laser-driven rf electron gun followed by an S-band booster linac, a magnetic bunch compression chicane and a diagnostic section including a transverse deflecting rf cavity. It delivered electron bunches of up to 200 pC charge and up to 250 MeV beam energy at a repetition rate of 10 Hz. The measurements performed at the test facility not only demonstrated the beam parameters required to drive the first stage of an FEL facility, but also led to significant advances in instrumentation technologies, beam characterization methods and the generation, transport and compression of ultra-low-emittance beams. We give a comprehensive overview of the commissioning experience of the principal subsystems and the beam physics measurements performed during the operation of the test facility, including the results of the test of an in-vacuum undulator prototype generating radiation in the vacuum ultraviolet and optical range.

Commissioning experience and beam physics measurements at the SwissFEL Injector Test Facility

For the SwissFEL project a total of 104 C-band (5,712 GHz) accelerating structures are needed. After developing and radio frequency (RF) testing of several short structures (0.5m), three 2meter prototypes have been produced successfully in-house. Avoiding any RF-tuning after fabrication, a high precision machining of the components is necessary. Special procedures were developed and handling equipment was built in order to maintain the accuracy during stacking and vacuum brazing of the parts for the C-band structures. This paper summarizes the manufacturing techniques and the mechanical test results.

Status of the manufacturing process for the swissfel c-band accelerating structures

The SwissFEL project, under development at the Paul Scherrer Institut, will produce FEL radiation in a wavelength range from 0.1 nm to 7 nm. The facility consists of an S-band RF-gun and booster, and a C-band main linac which accelerates the beam up to 5.8 GeV. Two magnetic chicanes will compress the beam between 2 fs rms and 25 fs rms depending on the operation mode. The bunch length and slice parameters will be measured after the first bunch compressor (330 MeV) by using an S-band transverse deflecting structure (TDS). A C-band TDS will be employed to measure the longitudinal parameters of the beam just upstream of the undulator beam line (5.8 GeV). With the designed transverse beam optics, an integrated deflecting voltage of 70 MV is required in order to achieve a longitudinal resolution on a femtosecond scale. In this paper we present the TDS measurement systems to be used at SwissFEL, with a particular emphasis on the new C-band device, including hardware, lattice layout and beam optics.

https://epaper.kek.jp/fel2013/papers/tupso14.pdf

TRANSVERSE DEFLECTING STRUCTURES FOR BUNCH LENGTH AND SLICE EMITTANCE MEASUREMENTS ON SwissFEL

A high-acceleration-gradient linear accelerator (LINAC) for an x-ray free electron laser (XFEL) offers the advantages of a short accelerator length and low construction costs. In addition, the high pulse repetition rate of the LINAC, which can drive multiple x-ray beam lines, provides additional user opportunities for experiments involving XFEL. A $C$-band disk-loaded-type accelerating structure was developed to achieve a high acceleration gradient of $g50\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MV}/\mathrm{m}$ and an rf-pulse repetition rate of 120 pps, which is twice as high as that of the XFEL facility, SACLA (60 pps). The structure has a quasiconstant gradient and a traveling wave type with an accelerating mode of $\mathrm{TM}01\ensuremath{-}2\ensuremath{\pi}/3$. To reduce the surface electric fields, we employed a cross section with an ellipsoidal curvature around an iris aperture. The accelerating structure was manufactured for SACLA. High-power rf conditioning was conducted to investigate its performance. Owing to the conditioning, the acceleration gradient reached a value of more than $50.1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MV}/\mathrm{m}$. The structure was operated without any serious issues at a repetition rate of 120 pps. The accelerating structures were installed in the dedicated accelerator for EUV-FEL at SACLA beam line-1. Finally, we obtained accelerated electron beams with the structures operated at an acceleration gradient of $41.4\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MV}/\mathrm{m}$.

C -band disk-loaded-type accelerating structure for a high acceleration gradient and high-repetition-rate operation

This paper summarizes the status of the linear accelerator (linac) of the Swiss free-electron laser SwissFEL. The linac will be based on C-band technology and will use solid-state modulators and a novel type of C-band accelerating structures which has been designed at PSI. Initial test results of first 2 m long structures will be presented together with measurements performed with the first BOCtype pulse compressors. Furthermore, we will present first results of a water cooling system for the accelerating structures and the pulse compressors.

/pdf/status-of-the-swissfel-c-band-linear-accelerator-58g2g77bl7.pdf

Status of the swissfel c-band linear accelerator

The SwissFEL C-band linac will consist of 26 RF modules with a total accelerating voltage of 5.4 GV. Each module will be composed of a single 50 MW klystron and its solid-state modulator feeding a pulse compressor and four two-meter long accelerating structures. PSI has launched a vigorous R&D program of development of the accelerating structures including structure design, production and high-power RF tests. The baseline design is based on ultra-precise cup machining to avoid dimple tuning. The first test structure is a constant impedance structure composed of eleven double-rounded cups. We report here on the structure design, production, low-level RF measurements, high-power conditioning and breakdown analysis.

Design , construction and power conditioning of the first c-band test accelerating structure for swissfel

The SwissFEL RF Gun: Manufacturing and Proof of Precision by Field Profile Measurements

SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK Many prototypes for the SwissFEL C-band Linac havebeen built and tested, and most of them show the desiredperformance. Meanwhile,welaunchedtheseriesproductionfor many components including the C-band structures, theBOC RF pulse compressors, and the wave-guide network.Twoprototypesolid-statemodulatorsareorderedandwillbedeliveredtoPSIinthesecondhalfofthisyear. Thenextstepsinclude validating the performance of the two modulatorsbefore the SwissFEL series can be ordered, and the test of acomplete C-band module in the high power RF test stand. REFERENCES [1] R.Ganter (ed.), "SwissFELConceptualDesignReport," PSIBericht, 10-04, 2010.[2] M. Paraliev et al. , "High stability resonant kicker developmentfor the SwissFEL switch yard," in These Proceedings: Proc.36th Int. Free-Electron Laser Conf. , Basel, 2014, MOP039.[3] F. Loehl et al. , "Status of the SwissFEL C-band linear acceler-ator," in Proc. 35th Int. Free-Electron Laser Conf. , New York,USA, 2013, pp. 317 321."""

STATUS OF THE SwissFEL C-BAND LINAC

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Status of the swissfel c-band linear accelerator

Design , construction and power conditioning of the first c-band test accelerating structure for swissfel

The SwissFEL RF Gun: Manufacturing and Proof of Precision by Field Profile Measurements

STATUS OF THE SwissFEL C-BAND LINAC