This review article introduces recent technical and scientific reports in terms of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in the wood and paper science and industry, where interest has increased during the last couple decades. Many researchers reported the NIR technique was useful to detect multi information in both chemical and physical properties of wood materials, although it was widely used in a state where characteristic cellular structure was retained. In the case of application of NIR spectroscopy to pulp and paper, many publications have pointed out its high probability as online measurement techniques during paper‐making process control. Arguments referred to the importance of NIR spectroscopy as fundamental and applied research of wood and paper.

A Review of Recent Near Infrared Research for Wood and Paper

While timber supply modeling has been of importance in the wood-producing regions of the United States for decades, it is only more recently that the technology and data have allowed disaggregation of supply and demand to substate regions, including product specific breakdowns and endogenous land use and plantation changes. Using southwide data and an economic supply and demand framework, the Subregional Timber Supply model was used to project timber inventory, removals, and price, for subregions of the 12 southern states through 2030. Two hypothetical demand scenarios were modeled to reflect current recessionary impacts and potential for added bio-energy demands: 1) constant demands based on average 2002 to 2007 removals, and 2) a 30-percent recession reduction (2006 to 2009) and rebound by the same percentage (2010 to 2013), followed by a 0.5 percent per year demand increase for all products. Projections indicate that pine pulpwood markets are the least volatile under both demand scenarios and small pine sawtimber are the most volatile. Larger pine sawtimber markets have moderate price decreases due to the recession, which later increase to levels near current prices. Hardwood pulpwood and sawtimber both experience recessionary price decreases, and while prices recover partially, they do not return to current levels by the end of the projection period. Also, more growth and less timberland loss shifts more timber production and harvests to the southern coastal plain areas.

/pdf/projecting-southern-timber-supply-for-multiple-products-by-256q7fgdbe.pdf

Projecting southern timber supply for multiple products by subregion

Pinus radiata D. Don cants (100 or 200 mm thick × 4.8 m) from a commercial sawmill operation were assessed in the green state using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Near infrared spectra were acquired along the centre line of one cant face and at 50 mm offsets to one side of the centre line. The cants were ripped to produce either 50 × 100 or 50 × 200 mm rough sawn boards, which were then kiln-dried and gauged to final dimensions. The long-span modulus of elasticity (L MoE) on each board was determined using a four-point bending test and the corresponding NIR spectra of each board (the 50 mm edge from the cant) were regressed against the long-span MoE value using partial least squares modeling. The results are explained in terms of the potential for NIR to predict the potential upgrade to higher value products for timber recovered from the corewood zone of logs.

Sawmill Trial of At-Line Prediction of Recovered Lumber Stiffness by NIR Spectroscopy of Pinus Radiata Cants:

Partial least square regression (PLS-R) calibrations based on near infrared (NIR) spectroscopic data were developed in order to predict mechanical and physical properties of agro-based particleboards. The panels were manufactured using Eucalyptus and Pinus wood particles and sugar cane bagasse. The following panel properties were evaluated according to standard methods: modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bonding (IB) strength, water absorption (WA24H), and thickness swelling (TS24H) after 24 hours of immersion. NIR spectra information was measured on samples cut from each particleboard and correlated with their physical and mechanical properties by PLS-R to build predictive NIR models. The NIR models for IB, WA24H and TS24H presented satisfactory coefficient of determination (0.73; 0.72 and 0.75, respectively.) The key role of resins (adhesives), cellulose, and lignin for NIRS calibrations of mechanical and physical properties of the particleboards is shown. These models can be useful to quickly verify such properties in unknown agro-based particleboards.

/pdf/estimation-of-physical-and-mechanical-properties-of-agro-4631itu0w9.pdf

Estimation of physical and mechanical properties of agro-based particleboards by near infrared spectroscopy

A near infrared spectroscopic study of the structural modifications of lime (Tilia cordata Mill.) wood during hydro-thermal treatment.

D. Don) veneers. Spectral data obtained from 1.2×2.4 m veneer sheets was corellated against stiffness data obtained from 6-ply mini-LVL panels prepared from the sheet. This paper describes the method used to prepare the mini-LVL test pieces and the results of multivariate regression of NIR spectra with the test piece stiffness. The results show the potential for using NIR spectroscopy for on-line assessment of veneer stiffness prior to layup of plywood or LVL panels. Selection of high stiffness veneers for layup would enable engineered panels of high uniform stiffness to be produced.

Veneer stiffness predicted by NIR spectroscopy calibrated using mini-LVL test panels

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Veneer stiffness predicted by NIR spectroscopy calibrated using mini-LVL test panels