It is widely known that the availability of lightweight structures with excellent energy absorption capacity is essential for numerous engineering applications. Inspired by many biological structures in nature, bio-inspired structures have been proved to exhibit a significant improvement over conventional structures in energy absorption capacity. Therefore, use of the biomimetic approach for designing novel lightweight structures with excellent energy absorption capacity has been increasing in engineering fields in recent years. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the development of bio-inspired structures for energy absorption applications. In particular, we describe the unique features and remarkable mechanical properties of biological structures such as plants and animals, which can be mimicked to design efficient energy absorbers. Next, we review and discuss the structural designs as well as the energy absorption characteristics of current bio-inspired structures with different configurations and structures, including multi-cell tubes, frusta, sandwich panels, composite plates, honeycombs, foams, building structures and lattices. These materials have been used for bio-inspired structures, including but not limited to metals, polymers, fibre-reinforced composites, concrete and glass. We also discussed the manufacturing techniques of bio-inspired structures based on conventional methods, and adaptive manufacturing (3D printing). Finally, contemporary challenges and future directions for bio-inspired structures are presented. This synopsis provides a useful platform for researchers and engineers to create novel designs of bio-inspired structures for energy absorption applications.

A review of recent research on bio-inspired structures and materials for energy absorption applications

Crashing analysis and multiobjective optimization for thin-walled structures with functionally graded thickness

Parameters influencing the impact response of fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composite materials: a critical review

Lightweight materials and structures have attracted tremendous interests for their compelling advantages in a range of engineering problems that have placed heightened requirements in safety, environment, competitiveness and cost over recent years. As an effective approach, hybrid systems aim to take advantages and characteristics of different materials to maximize their functional roles in lightweight structures, thereby enhancing their respective material efficiency. This article provides a critical review on the advances in hybrid materials and structures for crashworthiness and energy absorption performance, in which fiber reinforced plastic (FRP), metals, cellular fillers and their hybrid configuration are discussed respectively. Attention is paid to the hybridization of different forms of FRP-FRP, FRP-metal, cellular filling materials with FRP structures, thereby demonstrating their constructive characteristics for different design goals. Crashworthiness and energy absorption performances of various hybridized materials, such as carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP), aluminum/steel, metallic foams/honeycombs/lattices, are evaluated and compared in detail. After highlighting the knowledge gaps in existing literatures, this review provides an outlook on the possible future research. It is expected to gain new insights into the design of novel lightweight hybrid configurations for aerospace, automotive, nautical and railway applications. • Constituent materials and preparation technology of hybrid energy absorption structures. • Experimental characterization and modeling of hybrid energy absorption structures. • Failure mechanism and parameter analysis of hybrid energy absorption structures. • Current challenges and future developments of hybrid energy absorption structures. 

Lightweight hybrid materials and structures for energy absorption: A state-of-the-art review and outlook

Energy absorption of metal, composite and metal/composite hybrid structures under oblique crushing loading

Bitubular square tubes with different arrangements under quasi-static axial compression loading

Numerical modeling of the effects of FRP thickness and stacking sequence on energy absorption of metal–FRP square tubes

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Bitubular square tubes with different arrangements under quasi-static axial compression loading

Numerical modeling of the effects of FRP thickness and stacking sequence on energy absorption of metal–FRP square tubes