Aim and objective:This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the prevalence, burden and epidemiology of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). This systemic review was also a...

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1178633720970569

A Systemic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis Reporting the Prevalence and Impact of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection in India.

Infections caused by multi-drug-resistant bacteria in patients with chronic diseases have been associated with high mortality and morbidity. While few reports have evaluated bacterial infections in multiple chronic disease patients, the focus of the current study was to investigate the prevalence of bacterial infections and the susceptibility profiles of causative strains among various groups of patients suffering from chronic diseases. Microbiological reports of patients suffering from cancer, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, kidney diseases, and skin burns were retrospectively collected from a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia. Approximately 54.2% of recruited patients were males, and positive urine was the most prevalent specimen associated with kidney disease patients (25%). Escherichia coli isolates were predominant among cardiovascular, kidney, and cancer patients. Staphylococcus aureus was commonly detected in diabetics and those with burns. Although resistance patterns varied based on the type of specimens and underlying diseases, Escherichia coli showed limited resistance to colistin, carbapenems, and tigecycline, while S. aureus demonstrated susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and rifampin. These observations are crucial for clinicians and policymakers to ensure effective treatment plans and improve outcomes in these patients with comorbidity. 

/pdf/bacterial-infections-among-patients-with-chronic-diseases-at-1rvv6x9z.pdf

Bacterial Infections among Patients with Chronic Diseases at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Saudi Arabia

Staphylococcus aureus is a common human pathogen. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections pose significant and challenging therapeutic difficulties. MRSA often acquires the non-native gene PBP2a, which results in reduced susceptibility to β-lactam antibiotics, thus conferring resistance. PBP2a has a lower affinity for methicillin, allowing bacteria to maintain peptidoglycan biosynthesis, a core component of the bacterial cell wall. Consequently, even in the presence of methicillin or other antibiotics, bacteria can develop resistance. Due to genes responsible for resistance, S. aureus becomes MRSA. The fundamental premise of this resistance mechanism is well-understood. Given the therapeutic concerns posed by resistant microorganisms, there is a legitimate demand for novel antibiotics. This review primarily focuses on PBP2a scaffolds and the various screening approaches used to identify PBP2a inhibitors. The following classes of compounds and their biological activities are discussed: Penicillin, Cephalosporins, Pyrazole-Benzimidazole-based derivatives, Oxadiazole-containing derivatives, non-β-lactam allosteric inhibitors, 4-(3H)-Quinazolinones, Pyrrolylated chalcone, Bis-2-Oxoazetidinyl macrocycles (β-lactam antibiotics with 1,3-Bridges), Macrocycle-embedded β-lactams as novel inhibitors, Pyridine-Coupled Pyrimidinones, novel Naphthalimide corbelled aminothiazoximes, non-covalent inhibitors, Investigational-β-lactam antibiotics, Carbapenem, novel Benzoxazole derivatives, Pyrazolylpyridine analogues, and other miscellaneous classes of scaffolds for PBP2a. Additionally, we discuss the penicillin-binding protein, a crucial target in the MRSA cell wall. Various aspects of PBP2a, bacterial cell walls, peptidoglycans, different crystal structures of PBP2a, synthetic routes for PBP2a inhibitors, and future perspectives on MRSA inhibitors are also explored.

A Review on Five and Six-Membered Heterocyclic Compounds Targeting the Penicillin-Binding Protein 2 (PBP2A) of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)



Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a gram-positive strain whose resistance against existing antibiotics is a major concern for the researchers across the globe. Gram-positive infections, particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus spreading among S. aureus isolates, observed to increase exponentially from 29% in 2009 to 47% in 2014. Literature reviews revealed about 13-74% of worldwide S. aureus strains are Methicillin-resistant.



In this article, we have summarized the mechanism of bacterium resistance, molecular targets to treat MRSA, and the activity of reported pyridine and pyrimidine derivatives against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.



The data collected for this study from online peer reviewed research articles and Molecular-docking study of reported anti-MRSA agents performed by using Maestro Module of Schrodinger software. Results of in silico studies showed that some pyridine derivatives having better binding interactions than standard anti-MRSA agents.



Molecular docking studies of reported pyridine derivatives resulted in excellent hits for the development of novel anti- MRSA agents. Overall, this study will be immense importance for researchers working in design and development of target based anti-MRSA agents.


A review of pyridine and pyrimidine derivatives as anti-MRSA agents

India is developing local solutions to a global problem that was exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. India is developing local solutions to a global problem that was exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. 

The fight against antimicrobial resistance.

Aim The aim of this review article is not only to analyze the clinical burden of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in intensive care unit (ICU) setting of India, along with the patterns of prevalence and its prevention measures, but also to focus on the new anti-MRSA research molecules which are in late stage of clinical development. Background Methicillin resistance is reported to be present in 13-47% of Staphylococcus aureus infections in India. Therapeutic options to combat MRSA are becoming less, because of emerging resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics. Intensive care units are the harbinger of multidrug-resistant organisms including MRSA and are responsible for its spread within the hospital. The emergence of MRSA in ICUs is associated with poor clinical outcomes, high morbidity, mortality, and escalating treatment costs. There is an urgency to bolster the antibiotic pipeline targeting MRSA. The research efforts for antibiotic development need to match with the pace of emergence of resistance, and new antibiotics are needed to control the impending threat of untreatable MRSA infections. Review results Fortunately, several potential antibiotic agents are in the pipeline and the future of MRSA management appears reassuring. Clinical significance The authors believe that this knowledge may help form the basis for strategic allocation of current healthcare resources and the future needs. How to cite this article Mehta Y, Hegde A, Pande R, Zirpe KG, Gupta V, Ahdal J, et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Intensive Care Unit Setting of India: A Review of Clinical Burden, Patterns of Prevalence, Preventive Measures, and Future Strategies. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(1):55-62.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Intensive Care Unit Setting of India: A Review of Clinical Burden, Patterns of Prevalence, Preventive Measures, and Future Strategies.

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Intensive Care Unit Setting of India: A Review of Clinical Burden, Patterns of Prevalence, Preventive Measures, and Future Strategies.