Due to its high theoretical capacity, silicon is the most promising anode candidate for future lithium-ion batteries with high energy density and large power. Yet the low conductivity and poor structural stability resulting from huge volume expansion after full lithiation are still the critical issues impacting practical applications of silicon anodes. This review unveils how structural designs address these challenges and outlines the structural evolution of silicon anodes. Up to now, six generations of structural designs have been proposed for silicon anodes, encompassing solid nanostructures, porous structures, core-shell structures, yolk-shell structures, high-tap-density packed yolk-shell structures, and carbon-nanotube-improved yolk-shell structures. The evolution of structural improvement principles deployed for silicon anodes can provide valuable guidance for the rational structural design of other electrode materials that undergo large volume changes. In this review, Zhang et al. summarized the typical structural evolution of six silicon-based anode materials. Furthermore, the current limitations of fabrication methods and some promising future directions for the structural design of silicon anodes are also discussed. 

The typical structural evolution of silicon anode

Multi-scale study on a synergetic multimetal-based selenide anode with nitrogen-doped porous carbon support for high-performance lithium storage

Li2MoO3 is a promising cathode material for high-capacity Li-ion batteries. However, during cycling, migration of Mo to Li sites results in capacity fading. The present study analyzed structural, electronic, electrochemical, and mechanical characteristics of ordered monoclinic C2/m-Li2MoO3 and found that this phase has improved electrochemical properties compared to the rhombohedral R3̅m phase. Nudged elastic band calculations showed that Mo migration to the Li site is less probable in C2/m-Li2MoO3. The charge and chemical bonding analyses during delithiation showed Mo4+/Mo6+ oxidation and partial oxygen oxidation, but no spontaneous oxygen release occurred. The voltage profile calculated using the SCAN + U method exhibits high voltage, and partial W substitution at Mo sites suppresses intralayer Mo migration to the Li site and improves the voltage characteristics. These findings suggest that monoclinic Li2MoO3 is a potential cathode material for high-capacity Li-ion batteries with reduced Mo migration and maintained Mo4+/Mo6+ oxidation and oxygen stability. Moreover, partial W substitution at Mo sites further enhances the electrochemical properties of C2/m-Li2MoO3. 

First-Principles Investigation on Delithiation Mechanisms in a Li-Rich Monoclinic Li2MoO3 Cathode Material for Li-Ion Batteries.

Cation-disordered Li2FeTiO4 nanoparticles with multiple cation and anion redox for symmetric lithium-ion batteries

The development of efficient energy storage systems is an important field of research in the modern era where fossil fuels are headed toward

Utilization of symmetric electrode materials in energy storage application: A review

A symmetric battery composed of a single electrode material as both the anode and cathode is a model battery configuration owing to its distinctive advantages over the existing asymmetric ones in terms of cost, production process and safety issues. However, the limited choice of suitable electrode materials limits the practical application of high-performance symmetric batteries. Herein, we report a novel Li-rich β-Li2IrO3 (LIO) symmetric electrode material with a reversible capacity of >200 mA h g−1 between 3.0 and 4.8 V (LIO-cathode) and >300 mA h g−1 between 0.1 and 3.0 V (LIO-anode), respectively. The synthesized LIO materials manifested a unique three dimensionally (3D) ordered hyperhoneycomb-like structure that endows the material with enhanced structural integrity and stability, leading to an outstanding cycle life of both the LIO-cathode and anode. Additionally, the symmetric full lithium ion battery (LIB) using LIO as both the anode and cathode exhibited a high reversible capacity of 160 mA h g−1 between 2.0 and 4.5 V with a high working potential of 3.5 V.

/pdf/a-high-performance-li-rich-b-li2iro3-electrode-for-symmetric-427v5rjmj8.pdf

A high performance Li-rich β-Li2IrO3 electrode for symmetric lithium ion batteries

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A high performance Li-rich β-Li2IrO3 electrode for symmetric lithium ion batteries