CO preferential oxidation (CO-PROX) can lead to a reduction of the CO content in the hydrogen-rich gas derived from hydrocarbon reforming down to at least 10 ppmv or below, so as to enable its direct feeding to standard PEM fuel cells. Au-based catalysts supported on titania were prepared and tested as potential applications in CO-PROX operating over a temperature range compatible with PEM FCs (80–100 °C). Au–TiO 2 catalysts were prepared by means of two deposition–precipitation methods, varying pH (with NaOH) and some other parameters during the preparation procedure. Also the calcinations temperature was a varied parameter to evaluate the most promising catalyst. Catalyst prepared by deposition–precipitation method, using lower pH and calcined at 300 °C was found to be the most suitable one for the CO-PROX at low temperature: it reduced the inlet CO concentration below 10 ppmv within a temperature range of at least 60–80 °C. Tests at progressively lower O-to-CO feed ratio ( λ ) and the same WSV value were carried out for the sake of reducing H 2 consumption and improve CO-PROX selectivity. For 2%Au–TiO 2 the minimum λ value, ensuring a sufficiently wide temperature range of a nearly complete CO conversion at temperatures compatible with PEM FCs operation was found to be equal to 4. Tests doubling WSV were also carried out, but a complete CO conversion was not reached. Finally, CO inlet concentration was reduced to 0.5% (possible CO outlet concentration from WGS stage); parasite RWGS reaction seemed to take place leading to worse performance.

Catalytic performance of Au-TiO2 catalysts prepared by deposition-precipitation for CO preferential oxidation in H2-rich gases

Enhancing the photocatalytic hydrogen production of the ZnO–TiO2 heterojunction by supporting nanoscale Au islands

Carbon monoxide (CO) preferential oxidation (PROX) is regarded as a promising method for hydrogen purification. Herein, the design and synthesis of highly dispersed Pt studded on CoOx catalysts are reported. The catalysts exhibit nearly 100% CO conversion and selectivity towards the CO PROX reaction under H2 stream at room temperature. The superior catalytic performance can be attributed to the unique structure. The Pt is selectively studded on CoOx nanoclusters to maximize the highly active metal–oxide interfaces. The Pt loading is reduced to ∼0.8%, which is one of the lowest reported loadings for Pt-based CO PROX catalysts. The kinetics studies reveal that the composite Pt–Co catalysts have a weaker CO adsorption and lower O2 activation barrier, which can increase the CO oxidation rate and suppress the H2 oxidation rate. In addition, it is found that the CoOx promotor in a lower chemical oxidation state is critical for the improved activity. Theoretical simulations reveal that the energetic route of CO oxidation in H2 for Pt/CoO is more active than that for a Pt/Co3O4 surface.

Highly dispersed Pt studded on CoOx nanoclusters for CO preferential oxidation in H2

Promotional effects of CuxO on the activity of Cu/ZnO catalyst toward efficient CO oxidation

The insertion of copper into the gold lattice forming gold-copper (AuCu) nanoalloys enhances the gold catalytic performance in reactions such as CO oxidation. Here, we compared the catalytic performance of 6 nm AuCu nanoparticles (NPs) supported on SiO2 (AuCu_SiO2), a non-reducible oxide, and CeO2 (AuCu_CeO2), a reducible one, under preferential oxidation of CO (CO-PROX). Under reaction conditions, the support nature impacted in the stabilization of different species on the catalyst surface. The AuCu_CeO2 was both more active and more stable, which was associated with the ability of CeO2 to stabilize the AuCu alloy phase under reaction conditions.

Supported AuCu alloy nanoparticles for the preferential oxidation of CO (CO-PROX)

Understanding how the content of noble metal alters the catalytic performance of the corresponding catalysts is vital for the construction of active catalysts. This work investigates Au/CeO2–CuO catalysts with different Au contents for preferential CO oxidation (CO-PROX), aiming to reveal the origin of the high catalytic performance. A series of Au/CeO2–CuO catalysts are prepared by the co-precipitation method. The studies reveal that Au nanoparticles, which are located at the surface of CeO2 clusters, could decrease the activation energy of the CeO2–CuO catalyst at low temperature. Furthermore, the introduction of Au species decelerates the reduction of copper species, leading to a wider temperature window of complete CO conversion. Meanwhile, the Au species improves the reduction of ceria which facilitates the catalytic activity. The catalytic tests show that Au/CeO2–CuO catalysts display better catalytic performance than the one without Au nanoparticles and it increases with increasing content of Au species, which originates from the strong synergistic interaction between Au and CeO2–CuO species. This synergistic effect is further verified by DFT calculations. The results show that Au species tend to locate on the CeO2 surface rather than the CuO surface. Besides, the increase of the Au amount leads to the enhancement of CO adsorption energy on Au/CeO2, which is conducive to the improvement of catalytic activity for CO oxidation.

Comparison of Au–Ce and Au–Cu interaction over Au/CeO2–CuO catalysts for preferential CO oxidation

Honeycomb porous carbon frameworks from wheat flour as supports for CuxO-CeO2 monolithic catalysts

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Comparison of Au–Ce and Au–Cu interaction over Au/CeO2–CuO catalysts for preferential CO oxidation

Honeycomb porous carbon frameworks from wheat flour as supports for CuxO-CeO2 monolithic catalysts