Developing an efficient, stable and low-cost noble-metal-free electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is an effective way to alleviate the energy crisis. Herein, we report a simple and facile approach to synthesize self-supported Ni-doped Mo2C via a molten salt method. By optimizing the content of Ni, the concentration of Ni(NO3)2, and the annealing time, self-supported nanoflower-like electrocatalysts composed of ultrathin nanosheets on carbon fiber paper (CFP) can be achieved. Such a fluffy and porous nanoflower-like structure has a large specific surface area, which can expose many active sites, and promote charge transfer; moreover, all of the above is beneficial for improving the HER performance. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the doping of Ni leads to a down shift of the value of the d band center (ed), so that the adsorbed hydrogen (Hads) is easier to desorb from the catalyst surface, thus leading to an enhanced intrinsic catalytic activity of Ni doped Mo2C based catalysts. As a result, Mo2C-3 M Ni(NO3)2/CFP with a nanoflower-like structure prepared at 1000 °C for 6 h exhibits the best electrocatalytic performance for the HER in 0.5 M H2SO4, with a low overpotential of 56 mV (at j = 10 mA cm-2) and a Tafel slope (27.4 mV dec-1) comparable to that of commercial Pt/C (25.8 mV dec-1). The excellent performance surpasses most of the noble-metal-free electrocatalysts. In addition, the outstanding long-term durability of Mo2C-3 M Ni(NO3)2/CFP is demonstrated by showing no obvious fluctuations during 35 h of the HER testing. This work provides a simple and facile strategy for the preparation of nanoelectrocatalysts with high specific surface areas and high catalytic activities, both of which promote an efficient HER.

Self-supported nickel-doped molybdenum carbide nanoflower clusters on carbon fiber paper for an efficient hydrogen evolution reaction.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of low-carbon MgO–C refractories bonded by an Fe nanosheet-modified phenol resin

The mechanical performance of low-carbon Al 2 O 3 -C refractories can be further enhanced using the in-situ formation approach of MWCNTs. Evidently, the nickel nitrate catalyst in the matrix benefit the improved mechanical properties of Al 2 O 3 -C refractories after coking at elevated temperatures. The in-situ formation of MWCNTs and SiC whiskers contributes to their higher cold modulus of rupture. Moreover, dispersing catalyst into the binder solution promotes a fabric-like structure interlaced through MWCNTs and SiC whiskers in the binder system and thus a better bonding strength can be achieved. Compared to the Al 2 O 3 -C refractories with a close starting carbon content fabricated by adding as-received MWCNTs or the combined carbon sources of nano carbon black and flake graphite, superior thermal shock resistances were attained with the approaches presented in this paper. Additionally, MWCNTs are more influential to the toughening and SiC whiskers are more responsible for the strengthening behaviors.

Enhanced mechanical performance of Al 2 O 3 -C refractories with nano carbon black and in-situ formed multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)

A novel approach to prepare graphite nanoplatelets exfoliated by three-roll milling in phenolic resin for low-carbon MgO-C refractories

The fracture behavior of low carbon MgO–C refractories containing various carbon sources were investigated by means of the wedge splitting test and microscopic fractographic analysis to evaluate quantitatively their thermal shock resistance in the present work. The results showed that the addition of various nanocarbons in MgO–C specimens can lead to more tortuous crack propagation path during the wedge splitting test and much better thermal shock resistance compared to the specimen with flaky graphite as carbon source; particularly, the specimen containing carbon nanotubes had the most outstanding thermal shock resistance. Also, it was suggested from the correlation analysis that the increase of the specific fracture energy and interface crack propagation as well as the decrease of the modulus of elasticity, coefficient of thermal expansion and transgranular crack propagation can contribute to an improvement of thermal shock resistance of MgO–C refractories.

Fracture behavior of low carbon MgO–C refractories using the wedge splitting test

Using nickel nitrate as catalyst precursor, a cost effective method for large scale preparation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was investigated through catalytic pyrolysis of phenol resin in the temperature range of 600–1200°C under an Ar atmosphere. The morphology and structure of pyrolysed resin were characterised by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results show that the morphology and structure of CNTs depend on pyrolysis temperature, and the starting growth temperature of CNTs is ∼600°C. When the pyrolysis temperature is raised, the length and crystallinity of CNTs increase remarkably. High aspect ratio and well crystallised CNTs with average diameter of about 50–60 nm and micrometer scale length could be obtained at 1000°C. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analysis reveals that the catalyst particle was located at the top of each CNT, which indicates the tip growth mecha...

Preparation and growth mechanism of carbon nanotubes via catalytic pyrolysis of phenol resin

Upon application of nano-sized metallic Ni particles as catalyst, the in-situ synthesis mechanism of spinel whiskers in MgO–C refractories was studied. Their phase composition and morpholo...

In-situ catalytic growth of MgAl2O4 spinel whiskers in MgO–C refractories

Structure Evolution and Oxidation Resistance of Pyrolytic Carbon Derived from FE Doped Phenol Resin

The invention relates to a corundum micro-pore heat-insulating and fireproof material and a preparation method thereof. The contents of raw materials of the corundum micro-pore heat-insulating and fireproof material are as follows: 40-50 wt% of corundum grain, 40-45 wt% of corundum fine powder, 5-10 wt% of active a-aluminum oxide micro-powder and 5-10 wt% r-aluminum oxide micro-powder, an additive, a dispersant account for 0.1-0.5 wt% of the above raw materials, nano aluminum oxide powder accounting for 0.1-1.5 wt% of the above materials and water accounting for 5-10 wt% of the above materials. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: dispersing the nano aluminum oxide powder into the water and dispersing under an ultrasonic vibration condition for 1-5 minutes to prepare a uniform suspension solution; then, gradually dropwise adding the suspension solution into a mixed material, and vibrating and molding; maintaining at a room temperature for 24-48 hours; de-molding and carrying out heat treatment at 1400-1600 DEG C; and keeping the heat for 1-5 hours. The corundum micro-pore heat-insulating and fireproof material and the preparation method thereof have the advantages of simple preparation process and lower energy consumption; a product has the advantages of small average hole diameter, high fireproof degree, great high-temperature resistance, low thermal conductivity and strong anti-corrosion resistance; and the product can be directly applied to a working layer of thermal equipment.

Corundum micro-pore heat-insulating and fireproof material and preparation method thereof

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