Transfer Requirements The following requirements for the major are subject to change without notice. To assure accuracy of the information on this sheet, you should consult with a counselor, the articulation officer, or review articulation agreements via the internet at www.assist.org Veterinary medicine uses problem-solving skills and in-depth knowledge to diagnose, treat and prevent animal diseases. It is the broadest and most comprehensive of all the health professions. The profession is concerned with enhancing the health, welfare, and productivity of animals and assuring the safety of animal products used by people. Veterinarians are highly trained medical professionals who provide for the health needs of all kinds of animals while maintaining sensitivity to human health and well-being. Most veterinarians in the United States are engaged in private practice. Other veterinarians work in a wide range of fields relating to public health, animal disease control, environmental protection, the biotechnology industry, higher education and research. Academic preparation for veterinary school takes place at the undergraduate level through a comprehensive educational experience with special emphasis in the sciences. In order to succeed academically, in the rigorous veterinary school curriculum, veterinary schools are looking for individuals with a highly developed science background. Since Pre-Veterinary is not a major, it is important to meet with a counselor during your first semester at El Camino College to help with the selection of classes. 1. Academic preparation and grade point average is critical for admission. Cumulative GPA, strong grades in science courses, and GPA in the last two years of undergraduate study are critical in the selection process. 2. Many, but not all veterinary schools require a bachelor's degree. In some instances, a bachelor's degree may make an applicant more competitive in the admission process. 3. Score on a standardized graduate admissions test (e.g. GRE, MCAT, and VCAT). Check with the individual program for the specific test required. 4. Strong letters of recommendation-Most schools require a minimum of three letters of recommendation. Some schools require on letter from a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine. 5. Undergraduate course of study-Veterinary schools are looking for both lower and upper division preparation. 6. Applicant's personal statement or narrative. 7. Extracurricular activities, work experience, community activities, motivation, individual character, personality, and other post-undergraduate experiences. 8. Animal related activities and/or animal related work experience-Most colleges are looking for a strong commitment to working with animals. Some require employment by a Veterinarian. 9. Personal interview. …

What is Veterinary Medicine

In the current study, the effect of kefir upon the performance, intestinal microflora and histopathology of certain organs in laying hens was investigated. Totally, 108 Lohmann Brown layers, aged 24 weeks, were allocated randomly into three groups, as; Group C (control, n=36): no treatment, Group A (n=36): 10 cc, and Group B (n=36): 7.5 cc kefir per litre of water. Animals were fed for 10 weeks with basal diets. Livers showed moderate level of hydropic degeneration, some lipidosis and focal haemorrhages with high amounts of kefir (Group A). Fewer active follicles in the ovarium were also observed in this group. The egg yield was significantly (P<0.01) lower in Group A (89.40±0.91) than in Group C (92.50±0.83) and Group B (92.86±0.87). For the pH of large intestines, unlike the small ones, it was significantly changed (P<0.01) from basic to acidic milieu in kefir-treated groups. The titres of coliform (E. coli), aerobic (Lactobacillus spp.), and anaerobic bacteria (Peptostreptococcus spp.) were significantly decreased (P<0.05 to P<0.001) with increased intake for both intestinal tracts. We conclude that; i) high kefir intake could unfavourably impair the digestive organ structures, ii) the supplementations led to a marked decrease in the large intestinal pH and microbiological load of the intestines, and iii) high kefir level markedly decreased the egg yield, unlike the low concentration as leading to a considerable improvement from the 6th weeks onwards.

/pdf/effect-of-kefir-upon-the-performance-intestinal-microflora-1y4wl6818c.pdf

Effect of kefir upon the performance, intestinal microflora and histopathology of certain organs in laying hens

With this research, it was aimed to investigate the content of some heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn) and macro minerals (Mg, Ca, K, Na) in the water resources that meet the water needs of livestock in Igdir. Water samples were collected from natural springs, surface waters, wells and drilling waters, Aras river and its branches in the region. The data obtained were classified in two different ways and statistical analysis was performed. 1. According to the districts; Central District, Tuzluca, Karakoyunlu, Aralik. 2. According to the type of water resources; Agri Mountain spring waters, Agri Mountain surface waters, Mountain spring waters, Mountain surface waters, west of Aras river and it’s canals, east of Aras river, Well and Drilling waters. Mineral levels of the water samples were measured by using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer with flame system. According to the district assessment, it was seen that Tuzluca district had lower values compared to other districts. When evaluated according to the type of water source, water mineral content was determined to increase as the waters flowing forward on the surface after reaching to the earth surface It was even found to have become unfit for consumption towards the end. Consequently, with this research, the levels of some heavy metals and macro minerals in the waters used for livestock in the Igdir region were revealed for the first time with their details. Except for the waters of the East Aras river, the waters of the Igdir region were found to be of usable quality for animal husbandry.

http://www.agrifoodscience.org/index.php/TURJAF/article/download/3875/1906

Investigation of Farm Animal Drinking Water Mineral Contents in Iğdır Province of Turkey

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of kefir as a probiotic on growth performance and carcass characteristics in Pekin ducks. For this purpose, 42 ducklings at 2-week-old age were randomly and equally divided into 1 control and 2 treatment groups. All groups were fed with the same diet during the 6 week study period. Group 1 served as control and received normal drinking water. For group 2 and 3, 2.5% and 7.5% kefir was applied in drinking water. Feed and water was offered ad libitum. All birds were individually weighed at the start and then weekly intervals until the end of the experiment. At the end of the study, a total of 30 ducks, 5 male and 5 female from each group was randomly selected for slaughter. The results showed that after a 6 week feeding period, the total body weight in group 2 and 3 were significantly lower than group 1 (P 0.05). Our findings showed that, the decrease in total body weight, abdominal fat ratio, liver and giblets weights based on the increased kefir rates attracted attention. In conclusion, kefir usage as a supplement in ducks doesn’t provide an economical benefit but kefir could be used for human consumption for antiobesity.

Effects of Kefir on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics in Pekin Ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domestica)

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of feed additives on broiler productivity. Probiotics, oligosaccharides, organic acids, and avilamycin were used either alone or in combination to improve productivity in terms of body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and mortality rate. Broiler chicks (n = 900) were randomly divided into 9 groups. Group 1 was separated from the other groups and used as the control group; the chickens in this group were fed corn soybean until the end of the study. The other groups were fed corn soybean and the following food additives: probiotics (Group 2), oligosaccharides [mannan oligosaccharide (MOS)] (Group 3), organic acids (Group 4), probiotics + oligosaccharides (Group 5), probiotics + organic acids (Group 6), oligosaccharides + organic acids (Group 7), avilamycin (Group 8), and probiotics + oligosaccharides + organic acids (Group 9). The body weight and feed intake parameters were checked weekly, and the mortality rate was followed on a daily basis. The broilers were fed until they were 44 days old. Body weight and FCR were higher in the group given probiotics + oligosaccharides + organic acids (Group 9). Based on the results, we concluded that these growth-promoting products have positive effects that act synergistically, thereby leading to improved growth and feed conversion. The results of this study show that probiotics, oligosaccharides, and organic acid mixtures can be used as good alternative feed supplements to antibiotics.

/pdf/evaluation-of-the-effects-produced-by-the-addition-of-growth-3nijqtmrib.pdf

Evaluation of the effects produced by the addition of growth-promoting products to broiler feed*

Antibiyotik ve kemoterapotikler yillardir hayvan besleme alaninda buyumeyi tesvik, verim artisi ve infeksiyoz hastaliklardan korunma amaciyla kullanilmaktadir. Fakat hayvan ve insan sagligi acisindan bakteriyel direnc gelisimi gibi bazi risklerde tasimaktadirlar. Bu nedenle son yillarda probiyotik, organik asit ve enzimlerin alternatif olarak kullanimi guncellik kazanmistir. Probiyotikler yararli mikroorganizmalardan olusmus biyolojik urunlerdir. Sindirim sistemi mikroflorasini yararli mikroorganizmalar lehine degistirerek yemden yararlanmayi arttirirlar. Enzimler ve organic asitler cogunlukla probiyotik bakteriler veya mantarlardan elde edilir. Enzimler yemin sindirilebilirligini arttirmak icin, organik asitler ise bagirsak pH’ini dusurerek patojen bakterilerin gelisimini engellemek icin kullanilir.

/pdf/yem-katki-maddesi-olarak-kullanilan-biyoteknolojik-urunler-kq0hlrf9zw.pdf

Yem katki maddesi̇ olarak kullanilan bi̇yoteknoloji̇k ürünler (derleme)

Bu çalı mada, broiler içme sularına de i ik oranlarda katılan kefirin probiyotik amaçlı kullanım imkanı ve broiler performansına etkilerinin ara tırılması amaçlanmı tır. Çalı mada 148 adet günlük broiler civcivi kullanılarak, her birinde 37 adet civciv bulunan, bir kontrol ve üç deneme olmak üzere toplam 4 grup olu turuldu. Tüm gruplarda aynı rasyon bile imine göre hazırlanmı yem kullanıldı. Kontrol grubunun içme suyuna kefir eklenmezken deneme gruplarının içme sularına 2. grup için 2.5 cc/lt su, 3. grup için 5.0 cc/lt su, 4. grup için 7.5 cc/lt su oranında kefir ilave edildi. Deneme 42 gün devam etti. Gruplardaki deneme sonu canlı a ırlıklar kontrol ve deneme gruplarında sırasıyla 2305 g, 2335 g, 2363 g ve 2388 g olarak kaydedildi. Deneme sonunda içme suyuna kefir ilavesi canlı a ırlık kazancını önemli derecede artırdı (P<0.05). Yem tüketiminde azalma ve yemden yararlanma oranında rakamsal olarak artı tespit edildi. Karkas a ırlıkları bakımından gruplar arasındaki farklılıklar önemsiz bulunurken karkas randımanında gruplar arasındaki fark önemli bulundu (P<0.001). Yapılan çalı ma sonucunda broilerlerde kefirin probiyotik olarak kullanılmasının büyüme performansını artırdı ı sonucuna varıldı.

The use of kefir as probiotic in broiler.

Yem katkı maddesi olarak kullanılan biyoteknolojik ürünler

Bu calismada, broiler icme sularina degisik oranlarda katilan kefirin probiyotik amacli kullanim imkani ve broiler performansina etkilerinin arastirilmasi amaclanmistir. Calismada 148 adet gunluk broiler civcivi kullanilarak, her birinde 37 adet civciv bulunan, bir kontrol ve uc deneme olmak uzere toplam 4 grup olusturuldu. Tum gruplarda ayni rasyon bilesimine gore hazirlanmis yem kullanildi. Kontrol grubunun icme suyuna kefir eklenmezken deneme gruplarinin icme sularina 2. grup icin 2.5 cc/lt su, 3. grup icin 5.0 cc/lt su, 4. grup icin 7.5 cc/lt su oraninda kefir ilave edildi. Deneme 42 gun devam etti. Gruplardaki deneme sonu canli agirliklar kontrol ve deneme gruplarinda sirasiyla 2305 g, 2335 g, 2363 g ve 2388 g olarak kaydedildi. Deneme sonunda icme suyuna kefir ilavesi canli agirlik kazancini onemli derecede artirdi (P<0.05). Yem tuketiminde azalma ve yemden yararlanma oraninda rakamsal olarak arti tespit edildi. Karkas airliklari bakimindan gruplar arasindaki farkliliklar onemsiz bulunurken karkas randimaninda gruplar arasindaki fark onemli bulundu (P<0.001). Yapilan calima sonucunda broilerlerde kefirin probiyotik olarak kullanilmasinin buyume performansini artirdii sonucuna varildi.

/pdf/broilerde-kefirin-probiyotik-amacla-kullanilmasi-28d9g3hjvt.pdf

Broi̇lerde kefi̇ri̇n probi̇yoti̇k amaçla kullanilmasi

Summary The aim of this study was to determine fluoride (F) levels of water consumed by animals in Igdir province located on a volcanic area. As control, water samples were collected from Dogubeyazit for fluorosis and Cappadocia (Kapadokya) for fluorosis free area. Fluoride level measurements were made by ion selective electrode (ISE) system. In general, F levels of Igdir, Dogubeyazit and Kapadokya water samples were 0.292±0.026 mgF/L, 9.460±0.701 mgF/L and 0.303±0.056 mgF/L, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between Igdir and Dogubeyazit (P 0.05). In conclusion, it was observed that the water F levels consumed by animals were not at danger limits according to fluorosis in Igdir, Turkey. It was also supported by bone fluoride levels and carcass findings..

Fluoride Levels of Drinking Waters of Farm Animal in Iğdir Province, Turkey (1)

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